ضوابط صدور احكام حكومتيِ تكليفي

Rules and Regulations for Making Obligatory Governmental Judgements

تدبير جامعه اسلامي، نيازمند دارابودن اختياراتي است كه صدور احكام حكومتي، بخشي از اين اختيارات است. در اين ميان، اين پرسش مهم نسبت به نظام سياسي اسلام، مطرح است كه ضوابط «صدور احكام حكومتي» چيست؟ احكام حكومتي يا ولايي از جهت صدوري، احكامي مستقل از احكام شرعي هستند، اما از جهت محتوايي مي‌توانند نسبت‌هاي مختلفي با آنها پيدا كنند. احكام حكومتي يا ولايي، همانند احكام شرعي بر دو نوعند؛ يعني بخشي از احكام حكومتي از سنخ احكام تكليفي هستند؛ چنانكه بخشي از آنها از سنخ احكام وضعي مي‌باشند. نوشتار حاضر، به بررسي ضوابط حاكم بر صدور «احكام حكومتيِ تكليفي» اختصاص دارد و با تفكيك «ضوابط عمومي» از «ضوابط احكام اضطراري»، شش مولفه را از زمره ضوابط عمومي و سه ضابطه را از زمره ضوابط احكام اضطراري، دانسته است

Jurisdictions are necessary for running the affairs of Islamic society. One of these jurisdictions is the making of governmental judgements. The key question which arises about the Islamic system is: What are the rules and regulations for making governmental judgements? Govermental judgements, often termed Wal?’i judgements, are separate from Shar‘i injunctions in as far as the side or authority which issues them is concerned, but in as far as their contents are concerned, different relationships are detectable between them. Governmental or Wal?’i judgements, like Shar‘i injunctions, are of two types. Some fall in the province of obligatory judgements and some fall in the province of positive obligations. This article is concerned with the rules and regulations for making obligatory governmental judgements by a ruler. Making a distinction between “common rules” and “the rules for urgent judgements”, the author observes that six components are connected to common judgements and three rules are connected to urgent judgements