تاثيرات فقه سياسي شيعه بر جمهوري اسلامي ايران

The Impact of Shi‘? Political Fiqh on the Islamic Republic of Iran

فقه سياسي، تاثيرات فراواني ـ در ابعاد مختلف ـ بر جمهوري اسلامي ايران داشته و موجب شده، زمينه شكل‌گيري نظام سياسي جديد بر پايه مباني فقه شيعه، پديد آمده و تيوري اداره جامعه سياسي را ارايه نمايد. همچنين قانون اساسي مورد نياز جامعه را بر اساس مقتضيات زماني و مكاني، پيشنهاد نموده و ساختارهاي نظام جديد را بنا نهاده و بر اساس مفاهيم ديني و ارزشهاي اسلامي، نهادهاي نظام سياسي را شكل دهد. اين نهادها شامل نهادهاي انتخابي و غير انتخابي مي‌شوند كه وظايف مهمي را در تامين منافع و مصالح عمومي بر عهده دارند. تاملات نظري فقها در اين دوره و به‌ويژه ارايه نظريه ولايت فقيه و بيان اركان حكومت اسلامي از سوي امام خميني1؛ بستر مناسبي را براي تعامل افكار، مهيّا كرد. لذا تاثيرات فقه سياسي بر جمهوري اسلامي ايران از تشكيل نظام تا تكميل ساختارهاي نظام سياسي و در واقع، درهم‌تنيدگي فقه سياسي با نظم سياسي جديد، موضوع مهمي است كه اين نوشتار، بدان خواهد پرداخت

Political fiqh has enormous impact on the Islamic Republic of Iran in various ways and has paved the ground for the formation of a new political system based on the principles of Shi‘? political fiqh as well as the introduction of the theory of administration of political society. Furthermore, as temporal and spatial exigencies require, it suggests the constitution necessary for the society, trying to establish the structures of the new system and to form the institutions of the political system in accordance with religious concepts and Islamic values. The institutions include certain institutions, whether selective or non-selective, whose significant functions are to maintain general interests. Muslim’s jurists’ reflections in this historical juncture, especially those on the thesis of the authority of Muslim juristconsult and Imam Khomeini’s statements of the constituent elements of Islamic government paved the ground for the exchanges of ideas and opinions in this regard. Therefore, the impacts of political fiqh on the Islamic Republic of Iran from the establishment of the Islamic government to the fulfilment of the structures of the Islamic political system and the interweave of political fiqh and new political order constitute a very important subject with which this article will deal.