تقسيم موجود به واجب و ممكن، ابتكار فلسفي فارابي و ابن‌سينا

Classification of Existents into Necessary and Contingent: Philosophical Initiative of Avicenna and Al-Farabi

ابن‌سينا در ارايه نظريات وجودشناسانه خود از دو واژه وجوب و امكان كه ابتكار فارابي بودند، بسيار مدد مي‌گيرد، دو واژه‌اي كه سبقه كمرنگي در آرا فلاسفه پيش از فارابي و ابن‌سينا دارد و جسته و گريخته مي‌توان ردپايي از آنها را نزد فلاسفه يونان باستان يافت، اين ردپا در ارسطو پررنگ‌تر مي‌شود، اما به شكل منطقي مطرح مي‌شود نه فلسفي و در باب قضايا به آنها پرداخته مي‌شود و به موجودات عيني و وجود سرايت نمي‌كند. با ابتكار فارابي و ابن‌سينا در به كارگيري نظريه وجوب و امكان فلسفي و تقسيم موجود به واجب و ممكن، فلسفه هستي‌شناسي مشايي، شكلي متمايز به خود مي‌گيرد و وجود خدا و عالم و مسيله خلقت كه تا پيش از اين مطرح نبود، بهتر تبيين مي‌شود

Avicenna, in his ontological theories, frequently refers to the two terms necessity and contingency proposed by Ai-Farabi. These two terms, which can hardly be seen in philosophical works before Avicenna and Al-Farabi have only traces in ancient Greek philosophy. These trances are more evident in Aristotle’s works in which they are treated more logically than philosophically in the sense that they have ben used in relation to propositions and not in relation to objective things and existents. With the Farabian and Avicennian initiative and their use of the theory of philosophical necessity and contingency, and their classification of existents into necessary and contingent the peripatetic ontology found a new distinct from by which the issues of the existence of God, the world and the creation which had not been previously treated are explained more clearly.