جبران دولتي خسارت هاي بزه ديدگان در حقوق كيفري ايران و انگلستان

State Compensation to the victims of Crime in Criminal Law of Iran and

جبران دولتي خسارت وارده بر بزه ديدگان به معني پرداخت پول از طرف دولت به بزه ديدگان يا خانواده هاي آنان دربرابر زيان ها يا آسيب هاي ناشي از جرم است، در مواردي كه جبران خسارت از سوي بزهكار يا ديگر منابع مالي امكان پذير نباشد. نظام حقوقي انگلستان بر اساس قانون جبران صدمه هاي كيفري ابعاد مختلف جبران خسارت مانند شرايط مربوط به بزه ديده، جرايم و خسارت-هاي جبران پذير، شيوه تقويم خسارت، صدور حكم، تجديد نظر و استيناف را پيش بيني كرده است. جبران دولتي خسارت بزه ديدگان در حقوق ايران از حمايت هاي قانوني و اجرايي لازم برخوردار نيست و تحت تاثير تحولات حوزه بزه ديده شناسي حمايتي شكل نگرفته است. آشنايي با دستاوردها و تجربه هاي موفق و ناموفق نظام كيفري انگلستان در زمينه جبران دولتي خسارت بزه ديدگان، با در نظر داشت تفاوت هاي موجود در ساختارهاي سياسي، حقوقي و اقتصادي ميان دو كشور، سهم به سزايي در تدوين و اجراي يك الگوي ملي و موثر جبران خسارت خواهد داشت.

State compensation to crime victims means paying money by the governmental institutions to victims or his/her families, when restitution by the offender and other financial sources is accessible. In the legal system of England, Law of Criminal Damages includes all aspects of state compensation such as: conditions of eligibility related to victims, crimes, damages, perpetrators as well as procedural formalities. But in legal system of Iran it seems that state compensation to victims of crime has not been under the impact of changes in assistance oriented victimology. In criminal law of Iran, state compensation is depended on ambitious conditions such as: innocence of victim and the lack of deserve to be dead ( mahdur-aldam). These conditions create many obstacles on the way of victims to be subjected of state compensation. Taking into consideration of differences in the legal, political, and economic structure of these two legal systems, it seems that the experiences of penal system of the England in the field of state compensation regulations, procedures, and practices could help in designing and implementing of national and indigenized model of state compensation in Iran. However, during last few years, the issue of victim assistance has been politicized in many developed countries and the governments could not afford the compensations which are promised in the official policies and laws.