ابعاد اعتقادي و ديدگاههاي سياسي داعيان اسماعيلي در خراسان و فرارود

the faith aspects and political viewpoints of Ismaili followers in khorasan and fara-rood

دعوت در درون و بيرون دولت فاطمي از طريق شبكه گسترده ي داعيان پخش و ترويج مي شد. فاطميان مي خواستند از طرف همه ي امت مسلمان به عنوان امامان برحق شناخته شوند و نيز بر آن بودند كه حكومت واقعي و عملي خود را به تمام سرزمين هاي اسلامي و بيرون از آن بگسترانند. قبل از ظهور آنان، داعيان اسماعيلي به دنبال آماده كردن جوامع براي ظهور امام وعده داده شده، دست به تبليغات گسترده اي زده بودند. اصطلاح داعي به طور كلي به هر نماينده ي مجاز دعوت فاطمي اطلاق مي شد؛ يعني مبلغي كه عهده دار ترويج كيش اسماعيلي از راه جلب گروندگان جديد به پيروي از امام حاضر اسماعيلي بود. داعيان اسماعيلي از ميان انبوه گروه ها و طبقات اجتماعي ناراضي، عده ي زيادي را با دعوت خود، جذب كردند. بدين صورت آنان از شكايات و نارضايتي هاي منطقه اي بهره برداري مي كردند. بنا بر شواهد موجود، دعوت اسماعيلي در ايران تحت رهبري رهبران قرمطي عراق آغاز شد. در حوالي 260 هجري دعوت اسماعيلي در بسياري از نقاط مركزي و شمال غربي ايران، در ناحيه ي جبال ظاهر شد و داعيان مركز فعاليت هاي خود را در ري مستقر ساختند و در حدود سه دهه بعد، يعني پيرامون 290 هجري دعوت به خراسان و فرارود گسترش يافت. داعيان بزرگي در مناطق شرقي ايران به ويژه خراسان و فرارود فعاليت مي كردند كه ابعاد مختلف دعوت آنان از نظر اعتقادي و سياسي قابل بررسي و تحليل است. امير حسين مرورودي، ابوبلال، احمد كيال و محمد نخشبي از جمله ي اين داعيان هستند.

The faith aspects and political viewpoints of Ismaili followers in Khorasan and fara-rud Mohammad Hassan Elahizadeh Seyyed Mohammad Reza Sadesi Abstract Invitation to the inside and outside of Fatimid government propagated and distributed through extensive networks of adherents. The Fatimid wanted to be known as true and right Imams for all of the followers of Muslims and also to be able to expand their true and practical rules into all Islamic territories and outside of it. Before the advent of them, The Ismaili adherents had been prepared extensive propaganda for preparing the minds of peoples and communities for the appearance of the promised Imam. The term adherer is said for everyone who was volunteers for inviting to the Fatimid creed. It means the missionary who having undertaking the propagation to the religion of Ismaili through attraction of the new followers to the Ismailia Imam. The Ismaili adherents invited lots of peoples to this religion from among abundant groups and malcontent social class of communities. For this reason they put into operation from these regional complaints and discontentment. From the available documents and testimonies, the invitation to Ismaili religion started from Iraqi Carmathian leaders. Around the 260 hejira, the Ismaili invitation has begun in many central and northwestern of Iran and appeared in mountain ranges regions and then these adherents established the center of their activities in capital territory of Rey and almost after three decades around290 hejira, the invitation has been extended to Khorasan and Fara-rud. The great adherents were doing some activities in eastern regions of Iran especially in Khorasn and Fara-rud which their main aspects of their invitations from ethical and political point of view have worth for analysis and inspection. Amir Hussein Marvrudi, Abo-Belal, Ahmad Kiyal and Ahmad Nakhshabi were among these great adherents. Keywords: Ismailia, Fatimid, Khorasan, Ismaili Adherents, Amirhusein Marvrudi, Abo-Belal, Ahmad Kiyal, Mohammad Nakhshabi.