عينيّت و ذهنيّت در شعر نيما

Subjectivity and Objectivity in Nima’s Poems

مهم‌ترين بخش نظريّه‌ي شعري نيما عينيّت و ذهنيّت در شعر است. به عقيده‌ي نيما شاعر همان‌طور كه مي‌بيند بايد بنويسد و شعرش نشاني واضح از خود وي باشد. مشاهده‌ي دقيق در كار نيما اهمّيّت خاصّي دارد. انتقاد وي در راستاي جداسازي شعر از ذهنيّت محض و تجسّم عيني بخشيدن به موضوعات شعري است. نيما در تصويرگري خود به جهان خارج از ذهن نظر دارد. اگر چه نسبت عين به ذهن ‌در دوره‌هاي مختلف شعري وي متفاوت است، امّا در شعر او عين‌گرايي بر ذهن‌گرايي غلبه دارد. به طور كلّي عين و ذهن معمولاً به هم آميخته است و به همين سبب نيما هميشه در عملي كردن تيوري خود موفّق نبوده است. در اشعار متاخّر وي ذهن‌گرايي بر عين‌گرايي غلبه يافته است.

The most important part of Nimaʹs poetic approach is subjectivity and objectivity in poetry. According to Nima the poet should write about what he can see and his poem is a clear image and sign of himself. A careful observation in Nimaʹs work is of special importance. His criticism is with regard to the separation of poetry from pure subjectivity and also imagination of objectivity. Nima in his imagination looks at the world which is out of the mind. Although the ratio of objectivity and subjectivity is different in different periods of his works, but in his poems objectivity overcomes subjectivity. Generally objectivity and subjectivity are mixed and for this reason Nima has not been successful in practicing his theory. In his latest poems subjectivity overcomes objectivity. Key Words: objectivity, subjectivity, Nimaeeʹs poetry.