ابن‌سينا از ديدگاه فلاسفه اندلس

Avicenna from the Perspective of Andalusian Philosophers

رونق نسبي فلسفه در اندلسِ دوره اسلامي، اواخر قرن پنجم و قرن ششم، است؛ يعني زمانه زندگي سه فيلسوف برجسته اندلسي ـ ابن‌باجه، ابن‌طفيل و ابن‌رشد ـ كه پس از ابن‌سينا زندگي مي‌كنند. در اين دوره چهار برداشت از آراي ابن‌سيناي فيلسوف در اندلس ديده مي‌شود. جريان مخالف فلسفه كه كتاب‌هاي فلاسفه از جمله ابن‌سينا را محدود، بلكه از بين مي‌برد. موافقان فلسفه‌ سه گروه‌اند؛ بعضي او را جدي نمي‌گيرند و در آثار خود نامي از او نمي‌برند. يك گروه در او چهره فيلسوفي را مي‌بينند كه به مكاشفات اهميت مي‌دهد و چهره واقعي او را همين جنبه مي‌دانند و سرانجام گروه سوم روش او را جدلي مي‌دانند كه فلسفه را در جهت كلامي سوق مي‌دهد. ابن‌باجه به او بي‌توجه، ابن‌طفيل او را فيلسوفِ عارف و ابن‌رشد او را متكلمي جدلي مي‌داند. فشار بر فلاسفه و فلسفه‌ورزي در آن روزگار و به تبع آن كم‌رونقي فلسفه باعث عدم شناخت دقيق ابن‌سينا شده بود.

In the late fifth and sixth centuries, Islamic philosophy relatively flourished in Andalusia. It was at this time that three prominent Andalusian philosophers, i.e. Avempace, Ibn ?ufayl and Averroes, emerged. There seemed to be four readings of Avicenna in this period. Some were opponents of philosophy and were thus trying to impose limitions or even destroy philosophical works including Avicenna’s works. The advocates of philosophy appeared in three groups. Some did not take Avicenna seriously not mentioning his name in their works. Another group considered Avicenna as a person who gives importance to vision or unveiling (mukashifah) and, as a result, they considered mysticism as the main feature of his philosophy. There was finally a third group who took his methodology to be polemical, leading philosophy towards theology. Avimpace ignores him, Ibn ?ufayl considers him as a mystic and Averroes deals with him as a theologian. The existing pressures on philosophy and philosophizing and the decline of philosophical thought at that time were the reasons why Avicenna was not correctly understood.