قانون گريزي، نقض متقابل حقوق شهروندي

Illegality, Mutual Violation of Civil Rights

قانون‌گريزي از موانع مهم رشد و توسعه ي جامعه است. انتظار رعايت موازين و مقررات از جانب ديگران و عدم پاي‌بندي شخص به مقررات، تفسير قانون به نفع منافع فردي و گروهي، تقلب نسبت به قانون و استفاده ي ابزاري از مقررات، سو استفاده از مقررات براي اضرار به منافع عمومي يا خصوصي و نيز قانون‌شكني، از جمله اَشكال متنوع و متعدد قانون‌گريزي است. قانون‌گريزي يك خصيصه ي منفي فرهنگي در برابر ويژگي مثبت فرهنگ قانون‌گرايي است. شهروندان، از حقوق متنوع و متعددي در زمينه‌هاي مدني، سياسي، اجتماعي، اقتصادي، فرهنگي و قضايي برخوردار مي باشند. تامين بهينه ي حقوق شهروندي از اهداف همه ي دولت‌هاست. قانون‌گريزي منحصر به شهروندان نيست. گاه ارگان‌هاي عمومي نيز با وضع مقررات تبعيض‌آميز و يا اجراي تبعيض‌‌آميز و غير‌عادلانه ي مقررات، دچار قانون‌گريزي مي‌شوند. بررسي آثار قانون‌گريزي بر حقوق شهروندان در مقابل هم و نيز بر حقوق دولت و شهروندان در برابر يكديگر و نيز قانون‌گريزي درون سازماني بر حقوق شهروندان، اهداف مقاله را تشكيل مي‌دهد.

H uman beings have a lot in common, but what makes them different from each other is their employed approaches, styles and customs which produce some difficulties and challenges ‌‌according to the volume of activities. Considering this fact, Iran’s legislative system has provided a cultural appendix when ratifying major economic, development and cultural plans. The author criticized the architecture of a modern Islamic city which is not consistent with Islamic and human motivates such as morality, culture, law that existed in the past. It seems that this problem is the consequence of borrowing some elements from others without considering the Islamic values. It should be also mentioned that leaving this approach will bring about other difficulties. The current study is a descriptive research which focused on the modern approach of development planning considering cultural and legal problems. No specific approach was prescribed, since there is no necessity to prescribe an approach when investigating in a domain, and presenting such a method requires that a group of architectures and religious experts cooperate on this issue. This study is comprised of an introduction and two main sections. In the first section, Islamic architecture factors were generally expressed, and in the second section, considering national and religious reasoning, a critical analysis of development planning was conducted in both public and Islamic phases. It is a desk and semi-applied research which used descriptive methods.