بررسي اصول موضوعه رفتار مصرف كننده در اقتصاد اسلامي و اقتصاد متعارف

The Axioms of the Consumers Behavior in Islamic and Conventional Economics: a Theoretical Comparative Analysis

در وراي تمام فعاليت هاي بشر هدف خاصي نهفته است. هر سيستم اقتصادي، براي توضيح رفتار عاملان خود هدف مشخصي را در نظر مي گيرد. اين موضوع در خصوص مصرف كنندگان نيز صدق مي كند. در سيستم سرمايه داري ارضاي خواسته هاي نفساني به عنوان هدف مصرف كنندگان لحاظ مي گردد. در اسلام، براي يك فرد مصرف كننده علاوه بر رفع نيازهاي معقول و مورد نظر در تعاليم اين دين مقدس، هدفي بزرگتر و غير قابل مقايسه با اين هدف مادي، معين مي شود. بنابراين در اقتصاد اسلامي بر خلاف اقتصاد سرمايه داري نمي‏توان هدف غايي را بيشينه كردن لذت‏هاي مادي و كمينه كردن رنج‏هاي اين دنيا دانست و از آثار فعاليت هاي اين دنيا در جهان آخرت چشم پوشيد. از ديدگاه اسلام، انساني سعادت‏مند است كه مجموع لذّات دنيوي و اخروي‏اش را حداكثر كند. فرد مسلمان در رفتار مصرفي خويش لذت حاصل از مصرف را در دو جهان مي-سنجد.. با اين تفاسير، در اقتصاد اسلامي، اصول موضوعه رفتار مصرف كننده متمايز از اصول موضوعه در تيوري هاي متعارف است. در اين مقاله با استفاده از منابع مقايسه اي و نصوص اسلامي، اصول موضوعه رفتار مصرف كننده در اقتصاد اسلامي مطرح و با اصول موضوعه متعارف مقايسه مي شود. نتايج اين تحقيق گوياي آن است كه اصل موضوعه حاكم بر رفتار مصرف كننده در اقتصاد اسلامي از اصل موضوعه رفتار مصرف كننده در اقتصاد متفاوت است.

In this paper the concept and the definition of the social and economic justice are evaluated considering the views of western and Islamic thinkers and theorist and the focus is on the rationality. There lies a rationale beyond the all behaviors of human beings. In addition, in all economic systems, there are some special goals for the explanation of the behaviors of the economic agents. It is exactly true in the case of the consumers. In the traditional capitalist system, the satisfaction of the all wills of consumers (correct or incorrect) is considered as the only goal of consumers. In Islam however, some divine and non-worldly goals are defined in addition to satisfaction of rational needs and wants. So unlike conventional economics, in Islamic economics it is not correct to define the goals of consumers solely to maximize their material welfare and to minimize their pain in this world and hence entirely forget the results of the behaviors in the hereafter. As a matter of fact, in Islamic view, the bliss happens for the people when they maximize the sum of their pleasures in this worlds and in the hereafter and the Muslim consumer considers the sum of the welfare he gets from consumption in both worlds. In other words, He does compare the temporary pleasures of this world with the permanent pleasures of the hereafter and finds the best combination that brings about the highest level of satisfaction. On the contrary, the consumer in the capitalist economics, always tries to maximize his worldly needs and wills and hence undermines his humanity. Considering all this, it seems that the axioms of the behavior of consumers in Islamic economics is different from the axioms of conventional theories. Taking a comparative approach, in this paper, the assumptions of the behavior of consumers in Islamic and conventional economics are analyzed. The results show that the axioms of consumers behaviors in Islamic economics is different from the same in conventional economics.