پديد آورندگان :
شاه آبادي ، ابوالفضل نويسنده عضو هيات علمي دانشگاه بوعلي سينا، نويسنده مسوول Shadabadi, Abolfazl , پورجوان ، عبداله نويسنده دانشجوي دكتري علوم اقتصادي دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز Pourjavan, Abdollah
كليدواژه :
توسعه اجتماعي-اقتصادي , حكمراني , درآمد سرانه , governance , Health care , per capita income , socioeconomic development , آموزش , Training and Education , بهداشت
چكيده فارسي :
رابطه شهروندان و حكومت كنندگان (حكمراني)، مجموعه نهادها و ترتيبات رسمي و غيررسمي است كه بر تعاملات اجتماعي، اقتصادي و سياسي بين شهروندان تاثير دارد و لذا به عنوان عامل اساسي توسعه شناخته مي شود. هدف مطالعه حاضر تحليل آماري شاخص هاي حكمراني و برخي از متغيرهاي اجتماعي و اقتصادي توسعه طي دوره 1996- 2006 براي 35 كشور برگزيده از آسياي جنوب شرقي، غرب آسيا، آمريكاي لاتين و آفريقا است. به طور ضمني، نتايج مطالعه نشان مي دهد بهبود شاخص هاي حكمراني (همچون شفافيت و پاسخگويي، ثبات سياسي، اثربخشي خدمات عمومي، مقررات تنظيم گري دقيق، تامين قضايي و كنترل فساد) در كشورهاي مورد بررسي، مستقل از موقعيت جغرافيايي مي تواند اثرات معناداري بر ارتقا شاخص هاي توسعه (مانند درآمد سرانه، اميد به زندگي، بهداشت و آموزش، نرخ بيكاري وغيره) و بنابراين افزايش رفاه اجتماعي داشته باشد. در گروه هاي مورد بررسي، كشورهاي جنوب شرق آسيا عملكرد بهتر و كشورهاي آفريقايي مورد مطالعه عملكرد بدتري در مولفه هاي حكمراني و توسعه داشته اند. در اين ميان نيز عموماً كشورهاي آمريكاي لاتين نسبتاً بهتر از كشورهاي غرب آسيا بوده اند.
چكيده لاتين :
Governance or the relationship between citizens and governors is a complex of formal and informal institutions and arrangements that affect the social, economic, cultural and political interactions between citizens, and is thus, recognized as a fundamental factor in the process of development. The present study has analyzed governance indicators (on the basis of the World Bank definition), having picked up a number of variables related to health care, education as well as social and economic development during 1996 - 2006 for 35 countries, located in South East Asia, West Asia, Latin America and Africa. Generally speaking, the results of the study show improvement in some of governance indicators including transparency, accountability, democracy, freedom of speech, political stability, regular electoral processes, effectiveness of macroeconomic policies and public services, valid legislations, respect for physical and intellectual property rights, and control of corruption in the selected countries. Such indicators can significantly influence an all-embracing development, higher per capita income, higher life expectancy, better health care, development of information technology in the society, more efficient public education, lower fertility rates per women, lower children mortality rates, lower unemployment rate, and increase in social welfare. All in all, from among the countries under investigation, South East Asian countries have proved a better performance with regard to governance components, and, as a consequence, with regard to developmental indicators mentioned above, whereas, the Africans have shown the worst performance. Among the remaining group, Latin American countries have presented a better performance with respect to governance components, and, consequently, with respect to developmental, compared to West Asian countries.
