پديد آورندگان :
معتمدي‌نيا، زهره نويسنده دانش آموخته مقطع كارشناسي ارشد ترويج و آموزش كشاورزي دانشگاه رازي كرمانشاه و مدرس دانشگاه پيام نور ايلام , , پاپ زن ، عبدالحميد نويسنده دانشگاه كرمانشاه , , مهد يزاده ، حسين نويسنده دانشگاه ايلام ,
كليدواژه :
رعايت اصول زيست محيطي , موزش زيست محيطي , تيوري رفتار برنامه ريزي شده , نگرش زيست محيطي , بنگاه هاي كوچك و متوسط
چكيده لاتين :
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) bring a broad range of benefits beyond
growth of national income, providing important opportunities for employment, and are a
key source of an outlet for entrepreneurial creativity and ideas. However, it is estimated that
SMEs are responsible around 60 percent of carbon dioxide emissions and 70 percent of all
pollution globally. Therefore, having an examination on the behavior of companies, which
is not usually pro-environmental, is essential. Hence, this paper intends to determine (i) the
5 facets of environmental attitude of SMEs’ owners and managers, (ii) the effect of 5 facets
of environmental attitude on intention to pro-environmental performance, (iii) the effect of
intention to pro-environmental performance on pro-environmental performance, and (iv)
the effect of participating in classes of environmental education on pro-environmental
performance.
Methods
In this paper the revised scale of New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) was used in order to
determine the environmental attitude. The NEP includes 15 items; every three items focus
on special facet of environmental attitude. The first facet relates to “limits to growth”, that
considers limitation of demands and performance of people as a solution for environmental
problems. The second facet points out anti-anthropocentrism. By the second facet, human is
not dominant on his environment, and other beings have not been created for serving him.
1 Responsible Author: hamidpapzan@razi.ac.ir
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The third facet is “fragility of nature’s balance”. According to this facet, the balance of
nature is a guarantor for life on the earth. The fourth facet is “rejection of exemptionalism”.
By the fourth facet, human is the cause of eco-crises, therefore he must learn actions for
controlling these crises. The fifth facet believes that “the possibility of an eco-crisis”.
According to this facet, eco-crises shall be considered as serious threats to environment.
Also for the assessment of intention to pro-environmental performance, pro-environmental
performance, and participating in classes of environmental education we used a
questionnaire developed in this research. The survey for this research study took place in
the Kermanshah and Ilam provinces. The participants were a sample of 202 SMEs owners
and managers that were selected using the stratified sampling method.
Results
1. The mean of five facets of environmental attitude, environmental attitude, intention to
pro-environmental performance and pro-environmental performance. The mean of limits to
growth was 2.77; anti-anthropocentrism was 2.63, fragility of nature’s balance was 2.57,
rejection of exemptionalism was 2.46, and the possibility of an eco-crisis was 2.78. Also
the mean of environmental attitude was 2.65. In addition the mean of intention to proenvironmental
performance was 3.22 that higher than 2.4. In contrast, pro-environmental
performance was 2.37 which is lower than the middle value. 2. The results of correlation
analysis. There was a positive and significant correlation between the 5 facets of
environmental attitude and intention to pro-environmental performance. However, only the
facets of fragility of nature’s balance and rejection of exemptionalism had a positive and
significant correlation with pro-environmental performance. In addition, there was a
positive and significant correlation between intention to pro-environmental performance
and pro-environmental performance. 3. The results of regression analysis. The facets of
limits to growth (t=3.9, sig=0.000) and the possibility of an eco-crisis (t=2.55, sig=0.001)
could explain around 19% of the variance of intention to pro-environmental performance
(F=24.16, sig=0.000). In other words, limits to growth and the possibility of an eco-crisis
would make a significant contribution to the regression model. However, limits to growth
had a stronger preference for intention to pro-environmental performance (B=0.403). Also
intention to pro-environmental performance could explain 0.07% of the variance of proenvironmental
performance. In fact, the relationship between these two variables was
positive. Since the average of pro-environmental performance was low (2.37), we would
believe that participation in environmental education classes could improve the proenvironmental
performance of SMEs owners and managers. In this respect, the correlation
analysis for participating in classes of environmental education and pro-environmental
performance revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between them.
Also the result of multiple regression analyses of participating in classes of environmental
education and intention to pro-environmental performance with pro-environmental
performance showed that these two variables can explain about 12% of all variance of proenvironmental
performance. Conclusion. The mean of 5 facets of environmental attitude of
SMEs owners and managers was more than the middle value. Also, the mean of intention to
pro-environmental performance was higher than 2.4, but the mean of pro-environmental
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performance for the majority of SMEs owners and managers were lower than 2.4. In
addition, 19% of the variance of pro-environmental performance was explained by the
facets of limits to growth and the possibility of an eco-crisis, whereas the remaining 81% of
the effective factors could not be clarified. Factors such as lack of rules and regulations,
domination of material attitudes on public interests, incomprehension of environmental
threats, etc. may be considered as main causes for the low level of pro-environmental
performance among SMEs owners and managers
