تعيين الگوي مميزي زيست محيطي راههاي كشور

Determining Environmental Audits Pattern for Iran Roads

هدف از انجام اين پروژه اجراي آزمايشي برنامه مميزي زيس تمحيطي راههاي منتخب كشور بوده است. در اين راستا پس از بازديدهاي ميداني و مطالعات صحرايي و بررسي و طبقه بندي راهها، اقدام به پايش و سنجش اثرات زيس تمحيطي ناشي از بهره برداري از راهها شده است. در نهايت با واسنجي چك ليستهاي موجود، قابليت اجرايي برنامه مميزي مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفته است. به اين منظور چهار محور انتخاب و پارامترهاي مختلف شامل آلايند ههاي آب، خاك، هوا و صوت با رفت و آمد متناظر مربوطه در دو مقطع زماني جداگانه مورد سنجش و ارزيابي قرار گرفت. بر اساس آزمايشهاي انجام پذيرفته، اكثر پارامترهاي مورد سنجش به استثناي تعدادي از پارامترهاي خاك و هوا زير حد استاندارد قرار داشته اند. به طور كلي بر اساس مطالعات انجام شده در محورهاي منتخب، كليات دستورالعمل تهيه شده براي مميزي مورد تاييد بوده، اما در مواردي بايد مورد اصلاح قرار گيرد كه مهم ترين آن اصلاح معيار حد مميزي تفصيلي از 95 به 150 است. در خصوص مميزي بخش بيولوژيكي نيز به دليل نبودن وجود بستر آماري و اطلاعاتي متناظر براي مقايسه، اظهار نظر قطعي امكان پذير نبوده است. به طور كلي بر اساس مطالعات انجام شده، اجراي مميزي براي كليه محورهاي كشور امري لازم است، امابومي سازي آن با توجه به حساسيتها و مشكلات زيس تمحيطي منطقه اي، بايد مورد نظر قرار گيرد.

The purpose of this study is to practically implement an environmental auditing program for some selected roads in Iran. To fulfill this objective, reports of implementations were scanned. Thereafter, field observations and classification of the roads were carried out. Finally, after the verification of the obtained checklists, the functionality and applicability of the audit were evaluated. To achieve this, four roads were selected and various parameters were evaluated according to the corresponding traffic load in two separate time periods. Based on examinations, the values of most of the investigated parameters were below the standard limits. Although there are no rational and meaningful relations between traffic loads and obtained values, more attention should be paid to the sources of some basic pollutants such as vanadium in soil samples. In general, the concepts of the prepared auditing framework have been approved. However, revision is required at some aspects among which the most important one is the limiting criterion of detailed auditing. The opinions of the provincial stakeholders can also be considered for determination the type of auditing. For the biological section auditing, due to the lack of corresponding statistical and informational basis, as well as the lack of criteria for comparison, certain assessment is not feasible. While regarding the auditing of water and soil pollutants sources, it can be mentioned that the pre-determined band width was more than the required limit. Thus, according to the field activities and measurements results, a bandwidth of 300m for highways and freeways and 150m for main roads is suggested. Generally, auditing is necessary for all roads within the country. However, the localization of the audits for various roads must be considered.