بررسي علل تداوم غيبت امام زمان در دوران شكوفايي دولت‌هاي شيعي

The reasons for Absence of the Imam during the progress of Shiites Government

در نيمه سده‌هاي سوم و چهارم هجري، شيعيان با دو مسيله اساسي روبه‌رو شدند؛ نخست شيعيان امامي از ديدار امام خويش محروم ماندند و جريان غيبت براي امامشان پديد آمد. در عرصه سياسي نيز دولت‌هايي نوظهور در جهان اسلام به وجود آمدند كه گرايش آشكاري به تشيع داشتند و بيشتر اين دولت‌ها بر اين گمانه تكيه داشتند كه بايد باورهاي شيعيان در عرصه اجتماعي حاكم شود؛ حتي برخي از آنان آشكارا مدعي امامت امام عصر? بودند. به همين دليل اين گمانه تقويت مي‌شد كه با توجه به تحول پديد آمده، امام شيعيان به زودي ظهور خواهد كرد و زمام حكومت را به دست خواهد گرفت. اين نظريه از آن‌رو بااهميت است كه از جمله شرايط ظهور آن حضرت، آماده بودن دولت‌ها و ملت‌ها ذكر شده است؛ امري كه به ظاهر در آن زمان فراهم شده بود، اما آن بزرگوار ظهور نكردند. از اين‌رو، نوشتار حاضر در پي آن است كه غايب شدن امام زمان? را در عصري كه پديده ظهور دولت‏هاي قدرتمند شيعي و گسترش فكري و جغرافيايي آنان در سراسر جهان اسلام رخ نموده را بررسي كند و به اين مسيله بپردازد كه چرا آن حضرت در آن زمان كه به ظاهر همه شرايط به نفع شيعيان بود، از پس پرده غيبت خارج نشد. به همين دليل لازم است ابتدا فضاي سياسي آن عصر ترسيم گردد و از چگونگي ظهور و افول دولت‌هاي شيعي بحث شود، سپس روابط سياسي و اجتماعي دولت‏هاي شيعي با يكديگر مورد بررسي قرار گرفته و به انگيزه‏ رهبران اين دولت‏ها در چگونگي دست‌يابي آنان به قدرت اشاره خواهد شد. همچنين به اين مهم خواهيم پرداخت كه افزون بر تشتت آراي اين دولت‌ها نسبت به پديده مهدويت، انگيزه اين حكومت‌ها نيز به طور عمده فراي مذهب بوده و باورمندي آنان به پديده منجي بسيار كم‌رنگ بوده است.

In the middle of the 3rd and 4th centuries of Hejira, the Shiites faced with two essential issues. The first, those Shiites who believed in Imams, were deprived from seeing their Imam and absence procedure occur for their Imam. On the political field, they also faced the modern appearance of governments which came in to existence in the world of Islam that had a very significant tendency toward the Shiite Society and the majority of these governments depended on this hypothesis that the beliefs of Shiites must be dominant on the social field. Even some of them openly had the claim that they were the Imam Asr (contemporary Imam). Because of this reason, the expectation was being raised that the Imam of the Shiites will arrive and appears soon and will get the power and capability of managing the government, considering the transformation that had been occurred. This theory is important since it has been mentioned that one of the conditions needed for the arrival and appearance of Imam Mahdi is preparation of governments and nations: The thing that seemingly had been prepared at that time, but Imam Mahdi refused to appear and arrive and to be the leader of the Shiite. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the absence of Imam Mahdi in the era that the appearance phenomenon of Shiite in powerful governments and their geographical and mental dispersion throughout the Islamic world have been occurred and to clarify this issue that why Imam Mahdi didn’t accept to appear and to take the leadership of the Shiite, although apparently all the conditions were in favor of the Shiites at that time. Hence, because of this reason, at the beginning it is mandatory that we explain the political atmosphere of that era and discuss the reasons of appearance & decline of Shiite governments. Then political and social relationships of Shiite governments with each other will be analyzed and we will mention the motives of the leaders of these governments to understand how they become able to assume the power. And also we will discuss about this important subject that in addition to the diffusion of ideas in these governments toward the Mahdaviyyat phenomenon, the motivation of these governments primarily had been towards something more than just religion and the belief of them in the phenomenon of Saviour had been very little and trivial.