تبيين راهبرد مناسب بر ماندگاري جمعيت در سكونتگاههاي روستايي (مطالعه موردي دهستان سلوك شهرستان هشترود)

موضوع مهاجرت‌هاي روستايي- شهري همواره مورد توجه انديشمندان علوم مختلف است. مهاجرت در كشورهاي در حال توسعه باعث بدتر شدن اوضاع در مبدا از يك سو و از سوي ديگر ايجاد مشكلات اقتصادي ، اجتماعي و فرهنگي در مقصد به دليل عدم وجود امكانات اضافي متناسب با ميزان مهاجرت مي‌شود. لذا طي دهه‌هاي گذشته تلاش‌هاي بسياري در جهت شناخت اين پيامدها وجستجوي راهكارهايي جهت كاهش اين معضل صورت گرفته كه متاسفانه به دليل فقدان ديدگاه راهبردي ويكپارچه چندان با موفقيت همراه نبوده است. در ديدگاه راهبردي با تاكيد بر توسعه پايدار يكي از راه‌هاي ماندگاري جمعيت در روستاها پايدار نمودن كيفيت زندگي روستاييان شامل دستيابي به برابري وحفظ تنوع فرهنگي، افزايش حس جمعي وشهروندي، دست يابي به كيفيت وبهتر نمودن كيفيت زندگي وهر نوع تغيير در فعاليت‌هاي اقتصادي كه موجب ارتقا و بهبود كيفيت زندگي شود، معرفي شده است.در اين مقاله با استفاده از ابزار تحليلي مبتني بر تكنيك SWOT، نقاط قوت وضعف داخلي و فرصت‌ها وتهديدهاي خارج از عرصه سكونتگاههاي روستايي دهستان سلوك بخش مركزي شهرستان هشترود با ديد يكپارچه تبيين گرديده واقدامات راهبردي جهت حل مسايل مربوط به ماندگاري جمعيت در روستاها (مهاجرت)، در روستاهاي مورد مطالعه ارايه شده است. يافته‌ها نشان مي‌دهند كه مي‌توان از طريق توسعه كارآفريني ونيز رويكرد مشاركتي به برنامه‌هاي توسعه روستايي ضمن تقويت روحيه و بسط انگيزه، زمينه‌هاي اميدواري را در روستاها تقويت نمود تا از اين طريق پايه هاي ماندگاري در روستاها را تحكيم بخشيد.

The issue of immigration is not a new phenomenon and it can be said that different countries encounter differently toward this matter. Immigration is the result of attraction and repulsion of environmental and individual factors of territories and has always been an interest to geographers and some sociologists. In the meantime, Rural – urban migration as a result of economic and social consequences has been studied more than any other demographic phenomena. In developing countries, rapid population growth and extension of rural families are of important factors which lead to the migration of rural youth to the cities. The phenomenon of uncontrolled rural migration as one of the fundamental problems in the country has a negative role and consequences in the origin and destination of migration. Today, one of the major problems of the government is monitoring the uncontrolled migration, solving urban complexities and reducing adverse effects of migration on rural areas. However, we can say that the industrial revolution is the start point of rural migration to urban areas. The Rural – Urban Migration have always been an important issue to scholars from various disciplines. Migration in developing countries, worsen the situation in the migration origins on the one hand and also causes economic, social and cultural problems in the destination due to the lack of facilities in proportional of migration rate on the other hand. Over the past decades many attempts have been made for understanding these implications and seeking ways to reduce and illuminating them but unfortunately because of the lack of strategic and integrated vision, none of them has been successful. In the strategic vision by emphasizing on sustainable development, one of the ways for maintaining the rural population is to improve the quality of rural life including achievement of equality and protection of cultural diversity, increasing collective sense and citizenship, achieving a better quality of life and any changes in economic activities that will enhance and improve the quality of life. In this paper, by using analytical tools based on SWOT method, internal points of strength and weakness and external opportunities and threats outside rural settlement of Solok rural district of Hashtroud County has been explained by unified viewpoint, and strategic actions for solving the issue of maintaining rural population in the case study village has been proposed. The findings show that it is possible to encourage villagers to remain in the villages by participatory approach to rural development through entrepreneurship which also increase their morale and motivation.