ارزيابي پس از بهره‌برداري (P.O.E) روشي براي آزمون كارايي و عملكرد ساختمان از ديدگاه استفاده‌كننده‌گان (نمونه موردي : دبستان دخترانه حسين امين اصفهان)

Post Occupancy Evaluation (P.O.E): A method to measure building efficiency in users’ view, Case Study: Hussein Amin Primary Girls’ School of Isfahan

ديدگاه رايج در صنعت ساختمان‌سازي كشور طراحي، ساخت، تحويل و بهره‌برداري است و رابطه طراح و سازنده پس از ساخت و مشاهده نتايج عملكرد آن پس از بهره‌برداري قطع مي‌شود؛ در حالي‌كه ساختمان به عنوان نظامي پويا همواره تحت تاثير تغييرات محيط دروني و بيروني قرار گرفته و نياز مجدد به طراحي و تغييرات دارد، از طرفي پس از انجام آزمايشات است كه نقايص محصول مشخص شده و كيفيت كنترل مي‌شود. براساس اين ضرورت، تحقيق حاضر سعي در ارايه روشي منطقي در ارزيابي ساختمان دارد تا ضمن شناخت وضع موجود، بازخوردها جهت اصلاح نواقص، شناسايي و از نتايج در طراحي و ساخت ساختمان‌هاي آتي بهره‌برداري شود. بدين منظور دبستان دخترانه حسين امين با توجه به نوساز بودن و خصوصيات معماري آن انتخاب شده است و ساختمان مدرسه، براساس فرض مطلوبيت هر يك از متغيرهاي كيفيت فضايي، امنيت فضايي، راحتي فضايي، صرفه‌جويي در مصرف انرژي و آسايش محيطي، مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفته است. داده‌هاي مربوط به هر‌يك از متغيرها براساس روش پيمايشي مبتني بر پرسشنامه جمع‌آوري، در محيط نرم‌افزار SPSS وارد شده و پس از اطمينان از پايايي و روايي پرسشنامه، مورد آزمون فرض قرار گرفته‌اند. نتايج ناشي از ارزيابي ساختمان از ديدگاه استفاده‌كنندگان نشان مي‌دهد ساختمان مدرسه حسين امين از كيفيت فضايي مناسبي برخوردار بوده، اما در ساير متغيرهاي مورد آزمون از مطلوبيت مناسبي برخوردار نيست. از يافته‌هاي پژوهش حاضر ضمن ارزيابي ساختمان مدرسه حسين امين مي‌توان معرفي فرآيند كشف مسيله به عنوان اولين گام در ارزيابي پس از بهره‌برداري ساختمان مدارس را نام برد.

In our country, The common approach in the building industry is just design, construction, completion of the project and occupation. So, after these steps, there is no relationship between designer & builder with building and performance result, while building as a active system is always influenced by indoors and outdoors environment changes and it requires to design or changes again. On the other hand, building defects appear and it’s quality control just after doing some tests. Under this subject, school buildings and educational environments are more important as physical potential for mental development of human resources in every country. If these buildings aren’t practical, it will reduce productivity and efficiency of human resources in educational and learning zone as the most basic zone in development and growth of every country. Scientific and punctilious evaluation of buildings after construction and during of occupancy period has received less attention and it has retrograded to level of becoming resistant of building. According to this necessity, this research tries to represent a reasonable method in the case of building evaluation to identify current situation and also some feedback to reform the defects and eventually, using from these results in future to next designs and constructions. This method is named ‘post occupancy evaluation’ under environmental psychology view point that’s background backs to 1960 in the U.S. So, this school is selected, because of its architectural characteristic & being newly built. School building is evaluated based on all variables such as environmental quality, environmental security, environmental easiness (convenience), environmental comfort and saving energy. For evaluation of Hossein Amin School building from user’s view survey method based on questionnaire was used. Trial and error method was used to achieving standard questionnaire with high validity and consists of research variables. So firstly 10 questionnaires were prepared and data was collected and all of data was analyzed and was tested by validity test. Then 10th questionnaire was selected as base of research and statistics analysis because of its suitable validity and reliability. Students were selected as 70 members-statistical population of the first grade to fifth grade of elementary by cluster sampling. Questionnaires were distributed among them to data gathering. The process of data earning was controlled by questions explanation by researchers of this article and 2 experts in education of students. In fact survey method was used in this research because of evaluation nature (evaluation of current condition and adapting it to student needs and requests in order to results earning and consensus.) thus Related data to each variables analysis in SPSS software to sure that whether the questionnaire is enough validate and reliable to test variables. The results from building evaluation in user’s view indicate Esfahan Hossein Amin building school has a suitable environmental quality, but in the other variables it isn’t desired. So this school isn’t match with user’s expectation. In conclusion one of this research results is reasonable method presentation that through function of current building with educational usage can be evaluated. This method will help to be known current condition, so defects and lacks will be known and results will be used in future buildings. This process directs designers and decision-makers team to reform and do some changes and prepare principles for designing of future buildings. Without this process, defects in building designing will be repeated in future and buildings won’t be practical and human and financial resources will be wasted. These events will effect on community arrears. So obviously post occupancy evaluation is an irrefutable necessity and must be considered by decision-makers and managers especially in education and educational buildings. It’s obvious that this research not only evaluates this school, but also represents problem seeking process as a first step in the school building post occupancy evaluation.