كليدواژه :
SOCIAL CAPITAL , sustainable neighborhood , اجتماع محلي , حكمروايي محله‌اي , سرمايه اجتماعي , شكل محله , محله پايدار , local society , neighborhood , Neighborhood Governance , shape of neighborhood , محله
چكيده فارسي :
گستردگي ابعاد شهرنشيني در طي دهه‌هاي اخير موجب بروز چالش‌هاي نويني از جمله كاهش حس هويت و تعلق اجتماعي، افزايش نابهنجاريهاي محيطي، عدم تعادل اكولوژيك و در مجموع كاهش كيفيت زندگي در شهرها شده است. رويكردها و نظريه‌هاي نوين برنامه ريزي و مديريت شهري براي چاره جويي اين تنگناها، استفاده از راهبردمشاركتي، بسيج اجتماعي و برنامه ريزي از پايين به بالا را در كانون توجه خود قرار داده است. تحقق اين راهبرد مستلزم تعريف نظام تقسيمات فضايي جديدي در چارچوب سلسله مراتب مديريت و برنامه ريزي‌شهرهاست‌كه مبتني بر تجارب مديريت سنتي، محله مي تواند به دليل دارابودن ارزشهاي نظري و كاربردي، عنصر پايه و محور چنين برنامه ريزي تلقي شود. براي ارايه چارچوب نظري در گام نخست پارادايم توسعه پايدار به عنوان پايه نظري تعريف و نظريه سرمايه اجتماعي جهت دستيابي به چارچوبي براي ساختار محله پايدار در بعد اجتماعي تعيين و ملاك عمل قرار گرفت. برپايه اين الگوبعد اجتماعي، بسترساز توسعه اجتماعي عدالت گرا، مشاركت پذير و اعتمادزا، در سطح محله هاي شهري مي باشد.روش شناسي انجام پژوهش در چارچوب ديدگاه قياسي و استقرايي و رويكرد غالب آن اسنادي ـ پيمايشي است و با كمك هاي تكنيك هاي نمونه گيري اجتماعي سعي در تعميم نتايج حاصل از اين تحقيق به محلات شهر شيراز مي‌باشد. تحليل سه سطحي از محله‌هاي شهر شيراز در قالب 250 نمونه و در 10 محله منتخب صورت گرفت. بر اساس يافته‌هاي ميداني اين پژوهش سازمان فضايي منتج از شرايط و تحولات تاريخي محله‌هاي شهري در چارچوب الگوي مورد انتظار از توسعه پايدارمحله‌اي نشان مي دهد كه در پي تغييرات و شرايط فعلي حاكم بر محله‌هاي شهري، بعد‌اجتماعي به ويژه حس تعلق، تعهد اجتماعي، مشاركت مدني و اعتماد اجتماعي دچار واگرايي اساسي شده است. در نتيجه‌اين شرايط دستيابي به الگوي محله پايدار در چشم انداز شهرهاي‌ايران و به ويژه كلانشهرها با اولويت تقويت ابعاد و مولفه‌هاي سرمايه اجتماعي مبتني بر اعتماد، حس تعلق، همبستگي اجتماعي محله‌اي واجتماع محور بودن مديريت شهري در ايران ميسر مي باشد.
چكيده لاتين :
Expansion of urbanism during late decade causes new challenges such the decrease in the identity feeling and society belonging, increment of environmental discordant, lack of ecologic adjustment and totally reduction of living quality in cities. Programming new approaches and theories and urban management for solving of above problems, usage of cooperative approach, social mobilization and the bottom-top programming have been considered at itself focus. Fulfillment of this approach needs definition of new division system of space on the urban management and programming framework which on the basis of traditional management experiences, neighborhood because of its theoretical values, applicable and programming aspects, it can be considered as the basic element and axis of this programming. necessity of Pay attention to this concept in the urban programming system is justified, for some reason such as establishment of integrated, cooperative and rationalist management, adaptation of cultural and social changes by necessity factors on the dwelling and living in cities especially today metropolis, attempt to the domestic and local values and attitudes, empowering of identity feeling and also social belonging. In this framework, the main purpose of the present thesis is review of historical changes, role and action, space organization of Iranian urban neighborhood during different period and effort for presentation of sustainable pattern of neighborhood living, agreement of socio-economical and cultural requirements of current years for urban development. As a result, these life conditions, values and foundations in urban neighborhood were undergoing and fundamental changes, by locating city and urban neighborhood to modern elements and symbols, establishment of polar structure in the urban neighborhood were accepted principle of that era. Structural elements and new operation in the urban neighborhood which has been outstanding during this period. New structural elements and functions were created in urban neighborhood space that didn’t exist before this experience, and management of neighborhood has been changed by establishment of new bureaucracy as a form of City Council and municipality. In fact, being less important the principles of Iranian native culture and replacing & superiority of western thought in urban neighborhood structure, has played a key role and On the other hand, development with fundamental changes has had particularities of exotic development. Due to these conditions, it is possible to achieve to sustainable neighborhood pattern in the Iran cities perspective and specially metropolis with empowering propriety of social capital and factors on the basis of reliance, belonging, social cohesion of neighborhood, community oriented urban management in Iran and establishment of management system which has power and authority, cooperation, responsible, legitimate and institution oriented.
