اشتقاق در زبان فارسي

Derivations in the Persian Language

هدف مقاله حاضر آن است تا نشان ‌دهد مبحث «اسم جامد و مشتق» در دستور زبان فارسي، الگوبرداري نادرستي از قواعد زبان عربي بوده و منطبق با ساختمان زبان فارسي نيست؛ زيرا فارسي از گروه‌ زبان‌هاي تركيبي است و عربي از گروه زبان‌هاي اشتقاقي. مولف با نقد سه ديدگاه متناقض دستورنويسان فارسي در باره اشتقاق، نتيجه مي‌گيرد كه مبحث اشتقاق در فارسي محدود به «اسم» نيست، بلكه ديگر انواع كلمه نيز ساخت اشتقاقي دارند. در پايان پيشنهاد مي‌كند، با گسترش دامنه‌ اشتقاق به حوزه كلمات مركب، تمام كلماتي كه دستوريان مشتق شمرده‌اند زير مجموعه كلمات مركب به حساب آيد و كلمات مركب به دو گروه: مشتق و غير مشتق، تقسيم شود.

The Persian grammar has long suffered from the interference of the imposed grammatical rule of other languages, particularly those of the Arabic language being incompatible with Persian language structure. All through the years, writers have been imitating and applying such structural patterns in grammar books without considering their agreement or disagreement with the spirit of the Persian language. There have been a lot of marginal controversial issues as well. Now after 130 years since the publication of the first grammar book, there have emerged a lot of different viewpoints and great unresolved problems among the Persian grammarians. It is crystal clear that these varied opinions concerning the Persian grammar is not only a great barrier to teaching Persian to non-native Persian speakers, but also it poses a source of disappointment even to native speakers of Persian learning their own language as beginners. This paper presents a short review of one such basic problem in Persian grammar books, namely "Derivation" and argues that what is explained under "Derivatives and Non-derivatives" is essentially improper imitation of Arabic grammatical rules having no application in the Persian language structure. In addition, the purpose of this survey is to demonstrate how this imitated pattern has given rise to different views and lengthy controversial useless issues among Iranian writers and researchers in Persian grammar.