شرط مخالف قايم مقامي بيمه گر

WAIVER OF SUBROGATION CLAUSE IN INSURANCE LAW

قراردادهاي مختلف نظير قراردادهاي ساخت، مهندسي، حمل و نقل، اجاره كشتي، يدك كشي، و بيمه نامه هاي مربوط به اين قراردادها، متضمن شروطي هستند كه به گونه اي صريح يا ضمني متضمن نفي حق قايم مقامي بيمه گر(ماده 30 قانون بيمه) هستند. نگارش متنوع اين شروط و ارتباط شرط با حقوق اشخاص مختلف(بيمه گر، بيمه گذار، طرف قرارداد بيمه گذار، بيمه گر مسووليت طرف مقابل، ساير اشخاص ثالث)، تزاحم اصل آزادي قراردادي با ويژگي بازدارنده مسووليت مدني از يك سو و قاعده منع جبران مضاعف خسارت از سوي ديگر از جمله دلايلي است كه قضاوت در مورد اعتبار اين شروط و قلمرو تاثير آنها را دشوار مي سازد. در اين مقاله طي دو گفتار، مفهوم، انواع، اعتبار و آثار اين توافق ها نسبت به طرفين و اشخاص ثالث بررسي مي شود.

Some contractual provisions tend to deprive insurer from his right of subrogation. These provisions are found in one of three relations:1-insurance policies; 2-contracts between insured and third parties; 3- between insurers. The article examines various kinds of these provisions, their nature, scope of their validity and their positive and negative effects on third parties with a comparative view. The underline idea of the author is that when an insurance policy contains a waiver of subrogation in favor of third party, this clause must be construed as liability insurance in his favor and not as an exculpatory provision in his favor. The main result of this construction is that when the liability of third party is covered by his own insurer, the liability must be divided between two insurers according to the rules of double insurance.