ساختار قصايد ستايشي در شعر منوچهري

The structure of eulogistic odes in Manoochehri’s poems

منوچهري يكي از شاعران ستايشگر زبان فارسي و آفريننده اشعار ستايشي قابل توجهي است؛ جز يكي دو قطعه و قصيده در شكايت از حسودان و دشمنان و برخي سروده هاي توصيفي كوتاه، بقيه سروده هاي او را قصايد ستايشي تشكيل ميدهد. بدنه اصلي اين سروده ها موضوعات خمري و پايانشان را ابيات ستايشي شامل ميشود. منوچهري در شعر خود، كساني چون مسعود و محمود غزنوي، حكيم عنصري، علي بن محمد و برخي از بزرگان و درباريان زمان را ستوده است. با وجود اين حجم از اشعار ستايشي در ديوان منوچهري، نميتوان او را شاعري كاملاً ستايشگر خواند. منوچهري به ضرورت شرايط اجتماعي زمان خود، ستايشگري كرده و بنظر ميرسد چندان دلبسته ستايش نبوده است، در كنار اين اشعار ستايشي به آفرينشهايي ادبي نيز دست زده و پاره اي اشعار غير ستايشي آفريده كه نام او را در ادبيات فارسي جاودان كرده است. هنر برجسته منوچهري آفريدن توصيفات زيبا و تشبيهات حسي است كه حاصل تجربه شخصي او هستند؛ اين توصيفات و تشبيهات به اشعار تغزلي شاعر محدود نميشوند و در اشعار ستايشي نيز اين شيوه را پي ميگيرد و به ندرت وارد فضاي روحي و رواني ممدوح ميشود. اگرچه بهانه اصلي منوچهري بظاهر ستايش بوده است؛ اما بر خلاف ديگر شاعران ستايشگر، حجم ابيات ستايشي او كمتر از مقدمه هاي تغزلي قصايد اوست. با آنكه ابيات ستايشي منوچهري محدود هستند، اما در همين ابيات محدود، فوايد تاريخي، اخلاقي و اجتماعي قابل توجهي يافته ميشود كه بهره هاي شعر منوچهري را افزونتر ميكند. بررسي شگردهاي توصيفي و ستايشي منوچهري از جمله مهمترين نكاتي است كه در اين مقاله به آن پرداخته ميشود .

Manoochehri is one of the eulogistic poets in Persian literature and the creator of noteworthy eulogistic poems; except in one or two fragments or odes concerning the complaint of jealous persons and enemies and some short descriptive songs, the rest of his poems are eulogistic odes. The main body of the poems includes vinous matters and their ends are eulogistic distiches. Manoochehri has eulogized persons such as Masoud and Mahmud Ghaznavi, Hakim Onsori, Ali ibn Muhammad and some of the elders and courtiers of his time in his poems. Despite such a volume of the eulogistic poems in Manoochehri’s poetical works, he cannot be considered a complete eulogistic poet. Manoochehri, due to the necessity of his time’s social conditions, composed eulogistic poems and it seems that he has not been so much attached to eulogy because in addition to composing eulogistic poems, he has embarked on literary creations and has composed some pieces of non-eulogistic poems which made his name eternal in Persian literature. Manoochehri’s outstanding art is creating beautiful descriptions and sensory similes of his personal experience; these descriptions and similes are not limited to lyric poems and he follows this practice in his eulogistic poems and rarely enters the psychic and mental space of the praised. Although Manoochehri’s main pretext apparently has been eulogy, but unlike other eulogistic poets, his eulogistic distiches volume is less than the introductions of his lyrical odes. In spite of the fact that Manoochehri’s eulogistic distiches are limited, but in these limited distiches, considerable historical, moral and social benefits can be found which increase Manoochehri’s poetic quotient. The exploration of Manoochehri’s descriptive and eulogistic techniques is one of the most important points which are addressed in this paper.