پديد آورندگان :
حبيب، فرح نويسنده دانشيار، دانشكده هنر و معماري، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، واحد علوم و تحقيقات، تهران، ايران. , , حسيني نيا، مهديه نويسنده دانش آموخته دكتري شهرسازي، دانشكده هنر و معماري، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، واحد علوم و تحقيقات، تهران، ايران ,
كليدواژه :
فرهنگ شهري , گردشگر فرهنگي , گردشگري فرهنگي , فضاي شهري
چكيده فارسي :
امروزه گردشگري فرهنگي پديده اي اجتماعي است و شهرها همانند متني فرهنگي در ايجاد تجارب فرهنگي و انتقال معاني فردي و جمعي افراد مطرح مي باشند. اين بحث در بررسي مفهوم فرهنگ شهري، با رويكردي تحليلي به تبيين چارچوبي حاصل از مولفه هاي آن پرداخته و سپس در بررسي تاثير آن در جذب گردشگر فرهنگي و با توجه به ويژگي تجارب وي، به روشي تحليلي- مقايسه اي با تمركز بر مصاديقي چند از تجارب جهاني، به چگونگي تاثير مولفه ها مي پردازد. نتايج پژوهش بيانگر آن است كه گردشگر فرهنگي به دنبال تجاربي موثق و گردشگري فرهنگي تحت تاثير مولفه هاي به هم پيوسته فرهنگ شهري بوده كه خود متاثر از مولفه هاي فضاي شهري مي باشند. به طور كل اين مولفه ها شامل مولفه كالبد (متن فرهنگي و تاريخي)، عملكرد (تنوع فعاليت ها در مشاركت فرهنگي) و معاني فرهنگي در عرصه عمومي بوده كه همگي در ارتباطي پيوسته و نمادين مي باشند.
چكيده لاتين :
Nowadays cultural tourism is a social phenomenon and cities are considered as cultural scripts that are essential
in creating cultural experiences and conveying people’s individual and group meaning. This present article aims to
investigate the concept of urban culture through elaborating on a framework of its factors from an analytical view
point. Almost all scholars has defined the resulting framework in such a way to include an integrated and symbolic
combination of cultural physic, memorial buildings and the urban cultural inscription, social-cultural functions and
interactions along with everyday life of city with a collection of physical and nonphysical symbols and thus an
understanding of cultural values in the public realm. On the other hand, the individual’s quality experience of
culture in the urban space which means his/her interaction with everyday urban life as well as an authentic cultural
space affects those factors. Based on the conceptual definition of cultural tourism and the characteristics of cultural
tourists’ experiences as defined by the scholars and in response to the hypothesis claiming that “urban culture
does have factors which are, based on cultural tourists’ experiences, thought to be influential in attracting them”,
the analytical model of the research is formed and implementing an analytical-comparative test on some universal
exemplars tries to confirm the hypothesis. The test indicates that cultural tourists seek authentic experiences of
integrated urban culture factors which are in turn affected by the urban space factors. On the other hand, what
stands out in all these examples is a conceptual repetition of symbolic shared points among factors. Thus the
factors of attracting cultural tourists are not symbolic in their shared points but are symbolic themselves and are
actively involved in an integrated connection of attracting cultural tourists. Thus urban culture with physical and
nonphysical factors is in public realm and in a collection of integrated symbolic connections where the space’s
cultural audience reaches individual experiences and conclusions during cultural-social authentic interactions with
them. The research hypothesis is confirmed and the results are presented as: the physical factor of urban culture
is symbolically presented and 1. Historical- archaic physic; 2. Contemporary cultural physic related to urban culture;
3. Natural-entertainment physic can be based on the potentials of that space. The functional factor of urban culture
includes symbolic entertainment, religious, and artistic activities, related to tourists’ historical-national subjects,
mythical, scientific and technological, literary, ethnical-social and ethical-political subjects with the cultural or natural
space and urban cultural activities and with visitors and the local people in the form of fixed or temporary spaces. As
well, in contact with authentic experiences of urban culture physical and functional factors, the cultural tourist finally
reaches conclusions and finally differing symbolic entertainment, religious, artistic, historical-national, mythical,
scientific-technological, literary, ethnical-social and ethical-political meanings which all stem in the culture of that
space. So cultural tourist experiences the mentioned symbolic factors during authentic experiences in the symbolic,
public realm, where the integrated and symbolic combination of these factors linked to authentic experiences of
cultural tourists would be influential in attracting them.
