بازآفريني شهرشاهي صفوي قزوين از متون و اسناد تاريخي

Recreation of Safavid Royal City, Qazvin, Based on Historical Evidences

شهرشاهي، مهم ترين گسترش ساختاري-كالبدي در دومين پايتخت صفوي است. گسترشي كه الگوي توسعه اصفهان، پايتخت سوم صفوي بوده است. هدف اصلي، بازآفريني طرح شهرشاهي بر اساس متون و اسناد تاريخي است. روش تحقيق تفسيري- تاريخي است، طرح شهرشاهي پس از استنتاج و تحليل از متون و اسناد تاريخي ترسيم شده است. محدوده بازآفريني، پهنه مكاني شهرشاهي دوره صفوي است. خيابان، ميدان شاه، كاخ ها و باغ هاي مربوطه، اصلي ترين عناصر شهرشاهي بوده اند كه پس از تحليل بازآفريني شدند. خيابان به عنوان محوري طراحي شده از دوره صفوي كه از مسجد جامع عتيق تا عالي قاپو امتداد داشته، استنتاج شده است. ميدان شاه نيز در نزديكي بازار و دور از كا خهاي سلطنتي موقعي تيابي شده است. جهت شمالي- جنوبي، نسبت سه به يك و عمارات جها ننما در طرفين آن، از ويژگي هاي اصلي ميدان شاه بوده است. در انتها نقشه بازآفريني شهرشاهي صفوي قزوين به صورت يك پلان شهري ارايه شده است.

Royal City was the most important anatomic-structural development of a city as Qazvin which was the second capital city of Safavid dynasty. Qazvin has old record for its collective residential place in Iran plateau. So date of forming Qazvin has been evaluated in Saasanid era. The process of development in this city from the beginning to Safavid era caused by organic development of city, specially with selection of Qazvin as capital, has been achieved from this decision changed basically in all city. According development of Safavid Era, Qazvin is base of new evolution in Iranian urban development process. Such this development became pattern for development of the third capital city in Safavid era. Design and construction of Royal City began in 951 lunar hegira by the order of Shah TahmasbI and it was completed in 965 lunar hegira. This research aims on recreating Royal City based on historical evidences. The research method is interpretive-historical. The plan has been drawn after analyzing historical evidences. Khiaban (Street), Shah Square, palaces and gardens are major elements in Royal City and have been recreated after analyzing. The recreation is focused on the place where royal city was located during the reign of Safavid dynasty. Generally, northwards and eastwards, this area is limited to residential neighborhoods, southwards it is limited to Atigh Mosque and Pre-Safavid neighborhoods and westwards it is next to the newly established safavid bazaar along the ancient bazaar. In this research, the outstanding architectural elements of Royal city are studies with regard to two main categories: first category includes investigation of Safavid related elements of Royal city which still exist and have been identified wrongly and are herein introduced correctly. Some of these include Kolah Farangi building resided by Shah Tahmasb I, now called Chehelsotoun palace. Another finding resulted from this category is that no Shah square existed along the axis of the street, neither along eastern-western axis nor along northern-southern axis. Hence, Khiaban (Street) to which this article refers, is a route extended from Atigh Mosque to Aalighapou (great gate). The second category includes Safavid-related elements of Royal city, now vanished. Here, the main Chehelsotoun palace is introduced and is located and retrieved in an approximate way according to historical documents and texts. The point where the roofed great pool was located has also been shown in the plan. The old forum building that precedes the new one has also been shown. There was also a building called dove tower next to Chehelsotoun palace and was possibly used as a place to see the sceneries around. Shah square is located near bazaar, far from royal palaces. The square was located in a north-south direction, based on a three to one ratio, with Jahan Nama buildings surrounding it. Finally, the recreated plan of Safavid Royal city is presented as an urban plan. To allow the research findings to be precise and illegible, the elements remained from Safavid dynasty, are shown with extended lines and the retrieved elements are shown with dotted lines.