ارزيابي اثرات بازار هفتگي ملكان بر پايداري اقتصادي نواحي روستايي(مطالعه موردي: دهستان مرحمت آباد شمالي، شهرستان مياندوآب)

(Evaluating the effects of Malekan weekly Market on the economic sustainability in rural areas(Case study: Northern Marhamat-abad Dehestan, Miyandoab County

بازارهاي هفتگي از گذشته هاي دور تاكنون به عنوان مراكزي براي انجام مبادلات ضروري و مورد نياز، به حيات خود ادامه داده اند. شايد اين ادعا كه بازارهاي هفتگي برجاي مانده، به شكل اوليه بازارها در جوامع ابتدايي بشر هستند كه تاكنون نيز كاركردهاي خود را حفظ كرده اند و در اقتصاد جوامع نقش دارند، ادعايي درخور توجه باشد. هدف از انجام تحقيق حاضر، ارزيابي اثرات بازار هفتگي ملكان بر پايداري اقتصادي سكونتگاه هاي روستايي است. نوع تحقيق، كاربردي، روش تحقيق، توصيفي- تحليلي و روش هاي گردآوري اطلاعات به صورت كتابخانه اي و ميداني (مشاهده، مصاحبه و پرسش نامه) است. براي تجزيه وتحليل اطلاعات از تحليل عاملي و به شيوه تحليل مولفه هاي اصلي استفاده شده است. جامعه آماري تحقيق، كشاورزان بهره بردار دهستان مرحمت آباد شمالي هستند. بنابر سر شماري عمومي كشاورزي در سال 1382، كشاورزان بهره بردار اين دهستان در اين سال 1503 نفر بوده اند كه به عنوان حجم نمونه، تعداد 266 كشاورز ازطريق فرمول كوكران انتخاب شدند. يافته هاي تحقيق نشان مي دهد شنبه بازار ملكان تاثيرات مختلفي در اقتصاد روستايي محدوده موردمطالعه داشته است. بيشترين اثرات آن ايجاد انگيزه خريد بين كشاورزان (به-دليل ارزان بودن كالاها و خدمات)، فروش مستقيم محصولات توسط كشاورزان به مصرف كنندگان، افزايش مشاغلي مانند چوبداري، دست فروشي، پيله وري (چرچي) و مغازه هاي سرراهي و نيز افزايش درآمد كشاورزان با توجه به افزايش توليد محصولات كشاورزي بوده است.

1. INTRODUCTION In Iran, markets have played an important role in the urban development, as the first cities were built near mosques and markets (Habibi, 2009:11). Since any market infrastructure development and marketing of food and agricultural products would raise the income of low-income classes of communities. Furthermore, it has important impacts on food supply of countryʹs urban and rural populations (Azeri Hamidian, 2004:6). Generally, weekly markets in Iran were places to meet the needs of rural and urban residents and communities, places for transaction of rural surplus products, goods and services that might be provided (Mahdavi and Hndkhalh, 2011:38). In northern Marhamat-abad Dehestan, thanks to plains and fertile land more percentages of people earn their living through agriculture and horticulture, and customarily to supply and sale their crops and livestock, they go to weekly markets. Among these markets, Saturday market or Malekan weekly market is one of the oldest traditional markets in this region and is the most thriving market of East and West Azerbaijan and Kurdistan provinces. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of Malekan weekly Market on economic sustainability and rural development and answer the question of "what is the relationship between the Malekan weekly market and economic sustainability of rural areas?" 2. METHODOLOGY This is an applied research conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. Library research and field works (questionnaires, interviews and observations) were used to collect data about the study area. Statistical society of the research included farmers in northern Marhamat-abad Dehestan of Miandoab County. This district (the study area) has 8 villages that all of them (due to their small number) were seen as the sample statistical society. According to the general census of agriculture in 2003, the beneficiary farmers of this Dehestan this year were equal to 1,503 farmers, from which 266 farmers were selected through Cochran formula as the sample size. Households in each village were selected in simple random method based on the principle of equal opportunity. Accordingly, in order to achieve the tangible results, a questionnaire was designed to assess the effects of Malekan Saturday market on rural householdsʹ economy. It included 6 components and 33 indicators related to agricultural economy of the rural areas. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, factor analysis by principal items analysis method were used. 3. DISCUSSION At this stage of the research, to analyze the effects of Malekan Saturday market on economic sustainability of rural settlements, 33 indicators were used through factor analysis. Thus, the loading indicator at each factor that was over 0.5 formed a factor and the other factors that could not be integrated with these variables, formed another factor. As a result, 33 indicators were reduced into 9 factors and 66.58% of the variance was explained. Meanwhile, among the nine factors, "economic incentives and pricing" is the first factor with eigenvalue of 5.373 that had the greatest impact on the sustainability of the rural economy in the study area and explained 16.28% of the variance. Weekly markets are very appropriate places for exchange of surplus rural products, so the surplus agricultural and non-agricultural products suitable for the weekly markets are very effective on marketʹs conditions and development, and play a key role in the orientation of agriculture and non-agriculture production. 4. CONCLUSION Studies show that Saturday Market of Malekan has different effects on sustainability of the rural economy in the study area, they include: increased incentive of people for buying and going to the Market every week, increased production of horticultural crops because of competitive environment, face-to-face exchanges, easy access to local markets, easier travel and familiarity with the culture and values of the local people. Another effect of this market is the elimination of speculators and middlemen in the study area. As for many years ago, due to lack of transportation and the farmersʹ lack of awareness of Malekan market, they were forced to sell their products at much lower price to middlemen. But with the expansion of such a market and development of transportation, products are priced in the market to farmersʹ benefit, and people do not sell agricultural products to brokers or middlemen and pre-sale of agricultural products by farmers has sharply declined.