تحليلي بر روابط دولت و نظم حقوقي

An Analysis of the Relations between Government and Legal Order

در مقاله حاضر، بر آن هستيم كه هنجارهاي حقوقي در چه قالبي ساماندهي مي‌شوند و اين قالب با دولت، به عنوان آفريننده‌ي هنجارهاي حقوقي، چه ارتباطي مي‌يابد. به عبارت ديگر، اگر در دولت حقوقي بر آن هستيم كه دولت با هنجارهاي حقوقي محدود مي‌شود چگونه نظام حقوقي كه توسط دولت پديد آمده است مي‌تواند آن را محدود نمايد. بنابراين، بايد تلاش نمود تا ارتباط ميان هنجارهاي حقوقي و قالب آن يعني نظم حقوقي و ميان نظم حقوقي و دولت، به عنوان آفريننده‌ي آن، از يك سو و رابطه‌ي ميان نظم حقوقي و الگوي دولت حقوقي از سوي ديگر تبيين شود. بر اين اساس، به نظر مي‌رسد دوگانگي دولت و نظم حقوقي، حداقل در بيشتر جنبه‌هاي حقوق عمومي اجتناب‌ناپذير است. از نظر ماهيت نيز، هنجارهاي حقوقي و مباني آنها نيز هنجارهاي ديني و شرعي به لحاظ شفافيت و قابليت ارزيابي كامل در اين مقوله بيشتر قابل توجه هستند.

This article first examines the structure in which legal norms are organized. Then, it deals with the relation between this structure and government, which is the creator of these norms. In other words, if as a consequence of the rule of law the government is limited with the legal norms, then how the legal system created by the government can limit it. Therefore, an attempt should be made to find the relation between legal norms and their structure (legal order) and also to find the relation between such legal order and government (as its creator) on one hand, and to find the relation between legal order and the model of government based on the rule of law, on the other. Accordingly, it seems that the duality of government and legal order, at least with regard to the public law, is inevitable. Considering their main nature, legal norms and their basis, including religious norms, are considerable matters, as far as their clearness and evaluability are concerned.