بررسي وضعيت انجام رفتارهاي ارتقا دهنده سلامت در اساتيد دانشگاه علوم پزشكي شهيد صدوقي يزد در سال 1388

Health-Promoting Behaviors and Psychosocial Well-Being of University Shahid Sadoqi Yazd Academic Staff in Iran

چكيده مقدمه: سلامت مجموعه اي از عناصر جسمي، رواني، معنوي، اجتماعي، هوشي و محيطي را در بر مي گيرد و براي دستيابي به بالاترين حد سلامت جسمي مي توان از طريق تغذيه مناسب، ورزش مرتب، دوري از رفتارهاي پرخطر و تشخيص به هنگام نشانه هاي بيماري به آن دست يافت و با توجه به اين كه 50 درصد از همه هزينه ها با شيوه زندگي ناصحيح، ارتباط دارد لذا بر آن شديم تا اين مطالعه را با هدف تعيين رفتارهاي ارتقا دهنده سلامت در اساتيد دانشگاه علوم پزشكي يزد انجام دهيم. مواد و روش ها: نوع مطالعه توصيفي-مقطعي و به صورت سرشماري 142 نفر از اساتيد در سال 88 مورد پرسش قرار گرفتند. اطلاعات از طريق پرسش نامه HpLp-II كه شامل 52 آيتم كه تركيبي از 2 طبقه و 6 زير مجموعه بود جمع آوري گرديد.(طبقه يك: رفتارهاي ارتقا دهنده سلامت شامل زير مجموعه هاي مسيوليت پذيري سلامت، فعاليت هاي فيزيكي و عادت هاي تغذيه اي. طبقه دو: رفاه رواني اجتماعي شامل زير مجموعه هاي رشد معنوي، ارتباطات بين فردي و مديريت استرس) كه هر يك از سوالات طبق طيف ليكرات امتيازدهي شد كه مينيمم و ماكزيمم امتياز 208-52 بود. اطلاعات پس از جمع آوري وارد SPSS شد و توسط تست هاي آماري X2، T-Test و Correlation مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گرفت. يافته هاي پژوهش: نتايج بيانگر اين است كه 8/26 درصد از اساتيد زن و 2/73 درصد مرد بودند. 3/6 درصد مجرد و 7/93 درصد متاهل و 4/51 درصد داراي مدرك دكتري تخصصي بودند. مقايسه رفتارهاي ارتقا سلامت در دو جنس نشان داد كه امتياز اساتيد زن در عادت هاي تغذيه اي، حس مسيوليت پذيري و روابط بين فردي بيش از اساتيد مرد بود و برحسب وضعيت تاهل نشان داد كه امتياز اساتيد متاهل در فعاليت هاي فيزيكي و عادت هاي تغذيه اي بيش از اساتيد مجرد بود ولي از لحاظ آماري معني دار نبود. در كل ميانگين امتياز فعاليت هاي فيزيكي دراساتيد زن و مرد از بقيه زير مجموعه هاي رفتارهاي ارتــقا دهنده سلامت كــمتر بود و تنها 8/28-4/18 درصد از يك برنامه ورزشي برنامه ريزي شده پيروي مي كردند. از لحاظ عادت هاي تغذيه اي در كل مصرف غلات و سبزيجات كم بود و70 درصد از اساتيد صبحانه مصرف مي كردند. تقريب به 40 درصد از اساتيد از مهارت هاي مديريت استرس استفاده مي كردند و ميانگين امتياز رفتارهاي مرتبط با مديريت استرس در اعضا هييت علمي مرد بيش از اعضا هييت علمي زن بود. بحث و نتيجه گيري: با توجه به اين كه 60 درصد امتياز مربوط به سازه هاي رفتارهاي ارتقا دهنده سلامت و رفاه رواني اجتماعي، توسط اساتيد كسب شده است به نظر مي رسد طراحي برنامه جامع ارتقا فعاليت فيزيكي اساتيد و مديريت استرس مي تواند نقش مهمي در رفاه جسمي، رواني و اجتماعي اساتيد دانشگاه داشته باشد.

Introduction: Health includes a spectrum of elements such as physical, psychological, moral, social, intellectual and environmental. Proper nutrition, enough physical activity, avoidance from dangerous behaviors and early diagnosis of ailments signs are all necessary to achieve the highest level of physical health. Moreover, health improvement will help populations thro-ugh enhancement in their own health control. Considering this fact that about 50% of all expenses are due to unhealthy lifestyle, we decided to examine health promoting behaviors amongst academic staff of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: Totally, 142 teachers in Yazd Shahid Sadoqi University participated in this cross-sectional study through census met-hod. Data were collected using an HpLp-II que-stionnaire which involved 52 items, 2 categories and 6 sub-scales. First category covered health-promoting behaviors which included health responsibility, physical activity and nutritional habits subscale. Second category consisted of psychosocial well-being, which included comp-onents such as spiritual growth, interpersonal relations, and stress management subscale. Each question was valued considering likert scale ranging from 52 to 208. The collected data entered in SPSS and analyzed by statistical tests including X2, T-Test and Correlation. Findings: Results from 142 questionnaires sho-wed that 26.8% of participants were female and the remaining, 73.2%, were male. 6.3% of the participants were single and 93.7% were marr-ied. 51.4% of them were specialist. Results sh-owed that the more participants evaluated their health as good, the more they got higher scores in health promoting behaviors. Comparison of two genders in health prompting behaviors gr-oup showed that female staff achieved higher score in nutritional behavior, health respon-sibility and interpersonal relations but the differ-rences were not statistically significant. Evalu-ating health prompting behaviors with conside-ring marital status of participants showed that married acquired higher scores in physical activity and nutritional behavior in comparison with single participants, but these differences are not statically significant too. Only a few number of participants showed health respon-sibility (10.6% to 18.4%). Altogether, scores regarding physical activity in both genders were low in contrast with other measures of health promoting behaviors and only 18.24% to 28.8% of participants obeyed a scheduled physical activity program. Diet patterns showed that the portions of vegetable and whole grains in part-icipants’ diet were below the recommended amount. Moreover, only 50% of subjects ate breakfast. Data regarding stress management showed that about 40% of participants used str-ess management skills and male subjects achi-eved higher scores in this area. Discussion & Conclusion: Results from this study showed that about 60% of participants achieved scores from health promoting behave-iors. The most obtained scores were related to spiritual growth and the weakest one were from physical activity. In other subscales the subjects showed an average manner. Considering this fact that an overall improvement in health pro-moting behaviors will increase academic staff activity, efficiency and productivity, we suggest using the theories of behavior change wich are useful as a foundation for developing interve-ntions to promote health promoting behaviors in academic staffs .