تحليل شاخص هاي مسكن روستايي استان ايلام و سطح بندي آن ها با استفاده از تحليل عاملي و خوشه اي

Analysis of Rural Housing Indices in Ilam Province and Their Ranking by Using Factor and Cluster Analyses

يكي از راه هاي مهم آگاهي از وضعيت مسكن در فرايند برنامه ريزي روستايي، استفاده از شاخص هاي مسكن مي باشد. اين شاخص ها بيانگر وضعيت كمي و كيفي مسكن روستايي از يك سو و بهبود بخشي برنامه ريزي مسكن از سوي ديگر براي يك افق بلندمدت است. در اين پژوهش ابتدا مفهوم و جايگاه شاخص هاي مسكن روستايي و ويژگي هاي مسكن روستايي كشور مرور شده و سپس با استفاده از مهم ترين مولفه ها و شاخص هاي مسكن وضعيت مسكن مناطق روستايي شهرستان هاي استان ايلام بررسي و نهايتاً به سطح بندي نواحي روستايي منطقه مورد مطالعه با استفاده از اين شاخص ها پرداخته خواهد شد. پژوهش حاضر، با توجه به هدف توصيفي ـ تحليلي بوده كه با استفاده از روش اسناد و مطالعات كتابخانه اي انجام گرفته است. از ميان متغيرهاي مربوط به مسكن، 22 شاخص استخراج و با استفاده از روش تحليل عاملي به 5 عامل تقليل يافته اند؛ عوامل به دست آمده از تحليل عاملي، جمعا 60/97 درصد از واريانس را در بر مي گيرند. در بين 5 عامل استخراج شده، عامل رفاهي به تنهايي 406/25 درصد واريانس را پوشش مي دهد كه تاثيرگذارترين عامل در مطالعه مي باشد. به منظور سطح بندي نواحي همگن روستايي از روش تحليل خوشه اي استفاده و نقاط روستايي استان به 4 گروه همگن طبقه-بندي شده اند كه بر اساس آن مناطق روستايي شهرستان شيروان و چرداول در بالاترين سطح و مناطق روستايي شهرستان هاي دهلران، دره شهر و آبدانان در پايين ترين سطح از حيث برخورداري از شاخص هاي مسكن قرار دارند.

Housing is one of the most important human’s requirements and also one of the geographical phenomenon of a region. Geographical factors (which are different in each area and have special traits of the region) alongside with physiological, historical, and ethnical factors have important role in housing classification. Human has mutual relations with his surrounding environment in small or large scales and tries to improve it for profit or on force and innate flexibility to adapt to environmental conditions, and intends to show this improvement in different parameters of housing and help determining housing conditions. Providing suitable places for settlement is one of the most important problems in our country and is considered as one of the emergency and most basic issues in the society. For this reason, it has been on focus in the Islamic Republic Constitution to provide suitable housing for all classes of the society as an indisputable right for each individual. The use of housing indices is one of the important ways to be informed of the housing situation in rural planning process. These indices represent qualitative and quantitative condition of rural housing on the one hand and help improve housing planning for a long-term perspective on the other hand. The purpose of this study is at first step, giving an overview of the concept and status of rural housing indices and identifying the characteristics of rural housing of the country. Then, by using the most important components and indices of housing, the situation of rural areas in the counties of Ilam Province will be studied and finally the rural regions of the studied area will be classified by using of these indices. Therefore, the present research according to its purpose is analytical-descriptive which has been conducted by using documents and library studies. Among the variables that are related to housing, 22 indices have been extracted and reduced to 5 factors by using factor analysis method. Factors obtained from the factor analysis totally include 97.60 percent of the variance. Among the 5 extracted factors, welfare factor covers 25.406 percent alone which is the most effective factor in this study. In order to classify rural homogeneous regions, cluster analysis method has been used and Ilam rural settlements have been classified in 4 homogeneous groups. Based on the results, rural areas of Shirvan and Chardavol counties are ranked at the highest level and rural areas of Dehloran, Dareshahr and Abdanan counties are rated at the lowest level in terms of enjoyment of housing indices.