تحليل روابط متقابل شهر و روستا در ميزان توسعه يافتگي روستاهاي دهستان حومه، شهرستان هرسين

Analysis of Rural and Urban Mutual Relationships in the amount of Development of the villages of Homeh Rural District in Harsin County

نحوه و دامنه روابط موجود ميان شهر و روستا به صورت هاي گوناگون بر شكل پذيري، رشد و توسعه سكونتگاههاي روستايي و همچنين بر روابط دروني و بيروني آن ها اثر مي گذارد. با توجه به نقش اين روابط در فرايند تحولات و توسعه كانونهاي شهري و روستايي، علاوه بر بررسي انواع و علل روابط، شناخت آثار و پيامدهاي اقتصادي، اجتماعي – فرهنگي و فضايي – كالبدي بر شهر و روستا و تلاش براي كاهش اثرات منفي اين روابط در راستاي ساماندهي آن ها، زمينه ساز توسعه پايدار نواحي روستايي و شهري خواهد بود. در اين مقاله ابتدا بحثي در مورد روابط شهر و روستا ، سپس عوامل موثر بر آن در ايران و در نهايت انواع مدلهايي كه روابط شهر و روستا را با آن ها مورد بررسي قرار مي دهند مطرح مي گردد. اين تحقيق به مطالعه موردي در زمينه عملكرد روابط متقابل و پيوندهاي فضايي بين نقطه شهري هرسين در دهستان حومه واقع در بخش مركزي اين شهرستان پرداخته و در آن از تحليل هاي آماري در نرم افزار spss (همبستگي، و رگرسيون) استفاده شده است. اين مقاله نشان مي‏دهد كه چگونه روابط متقابل شهر- روستا بر تغييرات اجتماعي، اقتصادي و كالبدي روستاها اثر مي‏گذارد. روش بررسي در اين مقاله اسنادي (كتابخانه‏اي) و مطالعات ميداني (پرسش‏نامه) مي‏باشد. اين نتيجه به‏دست آمد كه روابط متقابل شهر و روستا تاثير چنداني بر توسعه نواحي روستايي نگذاشته اند و بيشتر در تغييرات اجتماعي، اقتصادي و فرهنگي موثر بوده است و محدوده جغرافيايي مطالعه شده از آثار و پيامدهاي كالبدي روابط روستا – شهر بي بهره بوده است

The new question which is raised nowadays is that how rural and urban developments affect one another. Until three decades ago, most of the people believed that urban and rural developments were separate and completed each other only for resources. However, a closer look reveals that this is far from the truth today. Rural and urban relationship and scope have many vast effects on shape, growth and rual settlement development. This effect is both internal and external. Considering these relationships in the process of evolution and development of rural and urban centers, it is necessary to identify the causes of relationship and recognize the effects and results of economics, social-cultural and spatial structure. Therefore it is important that the negative effects of this relation to be reduced. It helps preservation and sustainable development in rural-urban relationship. This paper aims primarily to discuss about urban-rural relationship and then identify the effective components in this field. This investigation also deals with the current spatial links in Homeh District of Harsin county(in central section). In this investigation, we took advantage of SPSS software for analysis(for example correlation and regression). This paper shows that the concept of urban-rural relationship does not necessarily cause relationship between these two and believes that the case study region has not benefitted from this relationship. This paper shows that traditional patterns of rural-urban housing have changed to new architectures. Land ownership has decreased too. It also shows that the agricultural production has decreased and there are variety of land use in the region. The cost of comodity and house has increased which has caused cultural changes.The lands have also been devided in the region. The Results show that rural-urban linkage make many changes in economic, cultural and skeletal pattern in Harsin. The cities effect on their surrounding areas as per following: Foodstuff and workforce are sent to the cities from villages. The cities are the consumer of foodstuff received from the villages and they send workforce to the villages in return. The exchange of goods, workforce and money are the most obvious signs of the relationship between urban and rural areas. Other influences are less tangible: standardized curricula and increased access to education; the growing reach of the mass media; commercial advertising and campaigns by service organizations; the influence of cultural and religious networks, and the spread of urban services to the rural areas all increase the strength and depth of the interactions between them.