نقد و بررسي وحدت وجود عرفاني در منابع وحياني

The Critique and Examination of Gnostic Unity of Being in the Sources of Revelation

از مهم‌ترين ويژگي انسان قدرت شناخت اوست و از برترين و موثرترين شناخت‌ها هستي‌شناسي است. عرفا و فلاسفه اسلامي در باور هستي‌شناسي و اعتقاد به خالق و مخلوق به چند دسته تقسيم مي‌شوند. جمعي تباين وجود خالق با مخلوق را پذيرفته و گروهي تساوي همه موجودات با خالق را طرح نموده و عده‌اي وحدت خالق و نفي كثرات را ذكر كرده‌اند. در ميان فلاسفه وحدت تشكيكي وجود برترين تفسير وحدت و كثرت با مشي فلسفي است كه به وسيله ملاصدرا به اثبات رسيده، لكن او در مراحل تكامل بينش، به وحدت وجود عرفاني قايل شده كه در آن، حقيقت وجود تنها و تنها حضرت حق است و كثرات، ظهور و جلوات و نمود آن حقيقت‌اند، لذا مخلوقات نه عين حقيقت وجودند و نه مثل و نه مباين آن.

One of the most important human specifications is the power of knowing (cognition). one of the highest and most effective knowing (cognition) is ontology. Men with respect to ontology and the Creator and Creation have divided into different groups. Some have accepted the separation (inequality-differences) between the Creator and Creation. Some others have propounded the equality all the Creation with the Creator and some others have mentioned the unity of the Creator and denied the multiplicities .Among the philosophers who believe the ambiguity unity of Being , the highest and best interpretation of the Unity and Multiplicity is the philosophical method which has been proved by Mulla Sadra. But in the process of the perfection, he believed the doctrine of the gnostic unity of Existence which the reality of Being just and only is The Almighty Truth (Haqq). The multiplicities are theophany, manifestation, illuminations and revelation of that Truth. Hence, the Creation is neither identical with the reality of Being nor the likeness or inequality. Some of those who believe the revelation have thought that the Gnostic unity of Being is identical or likeness of the Creator and Creation (the equivalent of the Creator and Creation) and severely oppose and quarrel with it because they thought it is contrary to the revelation and intellect school. This paper firstly clarifies a clear exegesis of the unity of Being then the affirmations are examined from the Quranic verses and Islamic traditions and answered to the questions.