فلسفه خاتميت پيامبر اسلام

The Philosophy of Ending of Prophethood (Khatamiyyat)with Prophet of Islam(p.b.u.h)

فهم فلسفه خاتميت پيامبر اسلام (ص) منوط به بررسي دقيق چند مساله مهم، يعني تبيين ماهيت قرآن بعنوان معجزه جاويد، معناي بلوغ فكري مردم عصر ظهور اسلام، چيستي و كاركرد اصل امامت و نهايتا معناي جامعيت و كامل بودن اسلام است. براي اين منظور، ويژگي هاي منحصر بفرد قرآن به مثابه معجزه جاويد در مقايسه با معجزات پيامبران ديگر مورد نظر است. همچنين به اهميت بلوغ نسبي، نه بلوغ عقلي كامل بايستي توجه داشت، يعني مردم عصر رسالت پيامبر به توانمندي هايي رسيده بودند كه مي توانستند ضمن دريافت كتاب و سنت، آن را حفظ كرده و از تحريف مصون دارند. سوم اينكه، اصل امامت و تعيين امام، كه بارها از سوي پيامبر اسلام صورت گرفته، طبيعتا مبين ختم نوبت است و نهايتا اينكه مجموعه آموزه هاي قرآن و سنت پيامبر، نشان مي دهد كه در آنها كليات ثابت و متغير لازم براي هدايت معنوي و تحقق سعادت دنيوي و اخروي مردم لحاظ شده و هدايت آنها هم از طريق امامان و هم علماي ديني درنظر گرفته شده است، و اصل اجتهاد نيز در فهم احكام اسلامي نقش بسزايي را ايفا خواهد كرد.

Understanding The principle of Ending Prophethood (KHATAMIYYAT) with prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) depends on accurate investigation of some important issues including: explanation of the Quran as immanent miracle; the meaning of intellectual maturity of people when Islam rises; the meaning and function of Vicar (IMAMAT), and finally the meaning of comprehensiveness and completeness of Islam. For this reason, in comparison with the miracles of the other prophets, the unique properties of Quran as an immanent miracle of the Prophet of Islam, will be considered. Moreover we should pay attention to the importance of relative maturity of Muslims at that time. that is to say, it is a biological and historical fact that by this time early Islamʹs people had reached to some abilities to enable them to grasp the verses of holy Quran and Hadith and preserve it from distortion. In addition, the principle of Vicar (IMAMAT) which was repeatedly enounced by the Prophet Muhammad himself, is an evidence and indication for ending of prophethood. Finally, all the Quranic verbal and practical teachings of the Prophet Muhammad that called Tradition, (SUNNAT) and "HADITH", show that these teachings are universal, permanent and unchangeable, and could conduct both the temporal and spiritual needs of Human beings. Islam from the beginning has destined the guidance and leadership of its followers; first of all by a determined Imam, and then by religious scholars that called "FAGHIH".