رابطه عقل و دين از منظر استاد شهيد مرتضي مطهري

The Relationship between Reason and Religion from Motahhariʹʹs Viewpoint

مسيله "عقل و دين" از كهن ترين موضوعاتي است كه فيلسوفان و متكلمان مسيحي و مسلمان را به خود مشغول داشته و آنان را در گروه "ايمان گرايان"،و "عقل گرايان انتقادي، حداكثري و اعتدالي" جاي داده است. از نظراستاد مطهري، به خودي خود هيچ تضادّي ميان عقل و دين وجود ندارد و در تزاحم حكم عقل و شرع، حكم عقل مقدم است. به اعتقاد ايشان، عقل روح اسلام را درك، و طبق آن عمل مي نمايد؛ هر چند با برخي ظواهر روايي منافات داشته باشد. ايشان ايمان‌گرايي را برنمي‌تابد و از عقل گرايي حداكثري افراطي كليفورد نيز فاصله مي گيرد. لكن به نظر مي رسد عقل گرايي حداكثري ضعيف و نزديك به اعتدالي، به معنايي كه توماس آكويناس و امثال وي بيان كرده اند را مورد پذيرش قرار مي‌دهند؛ هرچند كه در تبيين مسيله با آنها اختلاف دارند.

One of the oldest and controversial issues That first springs to philosophers and theologians mind was relationship between reason and religion, and one of the consequences of This controversies were division of philosophers and theologians to fideism or inclusive and moderate critical rationalist. According to martyr Motahhari, reason in itself does not contradict religion; and when reason conflicts with religious law, reason should be regarded as authoritative. According to him, reason comprehends the spirit of Islam and acts accordingly; although, it may apparently conflict with some narrations and traditions. He neither believes in fideism and nor could justify Cliffordʹs inclusive and strong rationalism. However, it seems to me that he agree with moderate rationalism of Thomas Aquinas and the like; although his idea in this respect to some extent is differ from them, especially in explaining of this problem.