تحليل عوامل موثر بر توسعه مكانيزاسيون در نواحي روستايي (مطالعه موردي: دهستان غني‌بيگلو، شهرستان زنجان

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Development of Mechanization in Rural Areas Case Study: Ghani Beyglou District of Zanjan Province

بخش كشاورزي براي تامين امنيت غذايي جامعه و ايفاي نقش موثر در تقويت استقلال ملي، نيازمند گذر سريع از مرحله توليد معيشتي و سنتي به مرحله توليد پيشرفته و تجاري است. مكانيزاسيون رويكردي است كه دستيابي بخش كشاورزي به مرحله توليد تجاري را ممكن مي سازد و از اركان كشاورزي مدرن به شمار م يآيد. بدون مكانيزاسيون، چشم انداز روشني از كشاورزي پويا و پايدار كه بتواند نيازهاي غذايي را معقولانه برطرف سازد، متصور نيست. توسعه مكانيزاسيون در جوامع كشاورزي و ب هويژه در نواحي روستايي كشور با مشكلاتي همراه بوده است كه شناخت عوامل موثر بر آن م يتواند به برنامه ريزي براي رفع آنها كمك كند. از اين رو در تحقيق حاضر به بررسي علل توسع هنيافتگي مكانيزاسيون در نواحي روستايي دهستان غني بيگلو در شهرستان زنجان پرداخته شده است. نوع تحقيق كاربردي است و ب هصورت توصيفي- تحليلي، ب هروش پيمايشي انجام شده است. گردآوري اطلاعات به صورت كتابخانه اي و ميداني (پرسشنامه، مصاحبه و مشاهده) صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماري، 2330 بهره بردار كشاورز روستاهاي دهستان غني بيگلوي شهرستان زنجان است كه طبق فرمول كوكران تعداد نمونه لازم براي تكميل پرسشنامه، 300 كشاورز تعيين گرديد. تجزيه و تحليل اطلاعات با آزمون تحليل عاملي و همبستگي پيرسون انجام گرفته است. يافته هاي تحقيق نشان مي دهند كه شيوه توليد، درآمد و اشتغال از مهم ترين علل توسعه نيافتگي مكانيزاسيون در منطقه مطالع هشده است.

Introduction With the growth in population and increase in the demand for more food it is required to make more investments in agricultural sector. The investment involves using mechanization in agricultural activities. Among the most important measures that should be sufficient to push the modernization of the agricultural sector, it is the development and application of technology. To improve the quality and quantity of agricultural production and market competition, public sector and non-governmental actors have to adapt themselves to the conditions of application of new technologies. Studies show that the direct and indirect effects of agricultural mechanization can be in the areas of productivity, quality and profitability for farmers. Mechanization is necessary for improving the productivity of land and labor in developing countries such as Iran. Mechanization also helps farmers to increase the area under cultivation and achieve higher income. Methodology This research is applied with descriptive – analytic and the survey method. For data collection, a library and field (questionnaires, interviews and observation) survey have been conducted. The population of the study is 2330 farmers of Ghani Beyglou District. Cochran formula has been calculated for the number of questionnaires that were completed by 300 farmers. Data analysis was performed with Pearsonʹs correlation test and factor analysis. Findings In order to analyze the factors affecting the development of mechanization, the test factor analysis has been used. KMO index and the Bartlett test were used to determine the suitability of the data sets and the analyzed variables on the level of development of agriculture. Bartlettʹs test was significant at a confidence level of 99% in the number 1756.35 and proper KMO value (0.746) shows that the correlation and factor analysis is appropriate for variables. The study variables were examined by factor analysis on the factors investigated. The result is a reduction of the twenty-five variables to five variables. Discussion and conclusions Mechanization of agricultural land and horticultural producers was performed to improve quality, increase productivity and income of farmers. But there are many problems and bottlenecks in the sectors of industry, agriculture and services. In this study we have attempted to develop agricultural mechanization. Land of small farmers, small land area of the farmers and the lack of direct income from agricultural activities have been identified as the major obstacles to the development of mechanization. The fact is that the vast majority of small farmers in the agricultural sector are lower, the units are very small, and the farmers don’t have economic power to buy up agricultural machines and implements. Essentially, as mechanization increases the amount of cost and it can also increase the amounts of income. This should be borne in mind that the biggest factor is public acceptance of a new idea or a new cost and its effect on income. The study has also determined the level of mechanization and income, education levels, and there is a high correlation between the sizes of the pieces.