مقايسه‌ آرا قديس آگوستين و امام محمد غزالي در خداشناسي

Comparison of st. Agustineʹʹs and Imam Mohammad Ghazaliʹʹs ideas on theology

آرليوس اوگوستينوس در سال 354 م. در تاگاست متولد شد. محور افكارش تصوري است كه از خدا دارد و آن ايمان به خداي قادر، عالم و خير مطلق است. او خداي پسر را ظهور خداي پدر مي‌داند. امام محمد غزالي در سال450 ه.ق در طابران متولد شد. او مي‌گفت: خدا غير قابل توصيف، علت العلل، منشا هستي و نورالانوار است. او فراتر از معقولات عقلي، عالم و قادر است؛ بنابراين مي‌توان گفت غزالي و اوگوستين منشا عالم را خدا مي‌دانند؛ خدايي كه نور الهي و تنها وجود حقيقي است و به همه چيز داناست. خدايي غير قابل توصيف كه با اراده مطلق و غير قابل تغيير، جهان را آفريده است. هدف اين مقاله، اين است كه نشان دهد اگر چه تفاوت‌هايي از نظر مذهب و جامعه بين اين دو وجود دارد، شباهت‌هايي نيز با يكديگر دارند، كه از نوعي رابطه روحي مشترك و اشتياق دروني آنها ناشي شده و باعث شده است تا هر دو از فلسفه و عالم ظاهر به الهيات و عرفان كشيده شوند؛ بنابراين هدف، طرح مباني انديشه‌هاي اين دو تن در زمينه‌ خداشناسي است.

Aurelius Augustinus was born in 354 in Tagast. The direction of his thought is based on his imagination of God, that is faith to the Almighty, wise and benevolent God. The Son considers ideas and the creation as the epiphany of the Word. Imam Mohammad Ghazali was born in 450 AH in Tabran. He says that, God is indescribable, the first cause, the origin of the universe, and the light of the lights. He is beyond rational comprehension, and he is almighty. Therefore both of them know God as the origin of the universe. The God is the divine light and the only real existence. The indescribable God creates the universe by his absolute and unchangeable determination. There are differences beside these similarities. The god of Augustinus adopts human traits for saving the mankind and enters to the body. But the god of Ghazali cannot be in the body and is not similar to anything. On the other hand, Augustinus says that we need God’s mercy to be prospered. But Ghazali says that mercy is in conflict with being autonomous and almighty as well as the creation from nullity. On the other hand, Augustinus believes that he heard the voice of God from a child, but Ghazali says that the Word of God is higher than any other Words. According to the proposed thoughts of these persons is in the field of theology, the writer is going to compare their theories about theology by descriptive-comparative method through library studies.