جايگاه انديشه سيدقطب در ميان نيروهاي مبارز مذهبي در ايران پيش از انقلاب

The Place of Sayyid Qutb’s Thought among Religious Activists in Pre- Revolutionary Iran

سيد قطب، نظريه پرداز بزرگ اخوان المسلمين، از جمله انديشمنداني است كه نمي توان تاثيــر انديشه هاي او بر زمانه اش را ناديده انگاشت. سيد قطب را مي توان پيوند دهنده نسل اول و نسل-هاي بعدي اخوان دانست. افكار و شيوه زندگي و مبارزات او براي نسل هاي بعدي الگوي ايستادگي و خستگي ناپذيري بوده است. از سوي ديگر، نيروهاي مبارز مذهبي در ايران نيز در تلاش براي رسيدن به اهداف اسلامي-انقلابي خود، مسير دشوار و پر فراز و نشيبي را پيمودند. تشابه برخي افكار و مشابهت مسير ميان سيد قطب و نيروهاي اسلام‌گراي انقلابي ايران، موضوعي قابل تامل است. سوال اصلي اين پژوهش آن است كه انديشه هاي سيدقطب از چه جايگاهي در ميان نيروهاي مذهبي انقلابي در ايران در دوران پيش از انقلاب اسلامي برخوردار بوده است؟ ارتباط مستقيم يا غيرمستقيم شخصي و دسترسي به آثار سيد قطب و ترجمه آن در ايران راه را براي ورود انديشه هاي اين متفكر به ايران گشود و براي آن جايگاه ويژه اي در ادبيات نيروهاي مذهبي فراهم آورد كه نمود آن را مي توان در مقدمه مترجمان آثار سيدقطب، نقد انديشه هاي او و بيان احساس نياز به انديشه هاي وي مشاهده نمود.

Sayyid Qutb, the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood’s eminent thinker, has influenced his age to a large extent. He was the link between the first generation of Muslim Brotherhood members and the later ones. His thoughts and political activities introduced a pattern that was followed by the next generation of Muslim militants all over the world, including Iran, where Muslim political activists were fighting against the Pahlavi Regime. The similarities between his thought and those of revolutionary Islamic forces in Iran can be an interesting scholarly topic. The main question in this paper is: what was the place of Sayyid Qutb’s thought among religious activists in the pre-Revolutionary Iran? Direct and indirect personal contacts with Sayyid Qutb and some of his prominent followers, access to his works, some of which were translated into Persian, led to the spread of his thought in Iran. His thought was welcomed by religious-minded activists, as it can be seen in the introductions written by translators to the Persian translations of his works, criticisms of his thought as well as the expressing of the need for his views in works written by Iranian Muslim activists.