مفهوم شناسي جرم اقتصادي يا فساد اقتصادي

The concept of economic crime or economic corruption

اصل توجه به موضوعات اقتصادي از اهميت ويژه اي برخوردار است. جرايم اقتصادي با تاثير بر سياست هاي مالي، صنعتي، بازرگاني و تجارتي دولت جامعه را بطور مخفيانه و پنهان دسخوش تغييرات،آسيب ها و آشفتگي هاي ناخواسته مي كند، بصورتي كه در دراز مدت و احياناً ميان مدت آثار مخرب و غير قابل كنترلي بر پيكره اقتصادي دولت و نظام بجاي مي گذارد كه براحتي درمان پذير نيست. در حال حاضر در كشور ما به علت كمي سابقه مبارزه با جرايم اقتصادي و نا آشنايي متوليان امر از پيچيدگي ها و جزييات آن تا كنون اقدام علمي و متناسبي براي تعريف مناسب جرم اقتصادي، سازمان متولي و شيوه و فرآيند پي جويي جرايم اقتصادي به عمل نيامده است. به همين علت سازمان هاي اقدام كننده در بلا كليفي، موازي كاري، تداخل امور و ناهماهنگي درون و بيرون سازماني قرار گرفته اند. متاسفانه تا كنون تعريف مشخص و جامعي از جرايم اقتصادي ارايه نشده است. بررسي و جستجو در كتب مختلف حقوقي و اقتصادي و تعدادي از مقالات موجود نيز مويد اين مطلب است. از اين رو عدم تعريف جرم اقتصادي و جرم انگاري مشخص آن يكي از اصلي ترين چالش هاي مبارزه با مفاسد و جرايم اقتصادي است لذا به كليه اعمالي كه در اثر آن به فعاليت هاي توليد و توزيع و دست به دست شدن و از بين بردن كالا و خدمات زيان برساند را جرايم اقتصادي گويند. جرايم اقتصادي آثار و پيامدهاي متعددي دارند كه بر اقتصادي و سياست، اجتماع ، نظام و... موثر هستند. جرايم اقتصادي با جرايم ديگر تفاوت هاي متعددي دارند كه باعث تميز بين آنها با جرايمي همانند جرايم عليه اموال، جرايم و مفاسد مالي، جرايم عمومي مي شود.

The principle of attention to economic issues is special important. Economic crimes with the affecting fiscal policy, industrial, commercial, secretly and hidden, changes, damage and disturbances that do unwanted the society, In the medium term and possibly long- term Damaging and uncontrollable effects on the body and the economic system will instead Which is not easily treatable. Currently in our country, Due to a history of fighting economic crimes And no knowledge of the custodians of its complexity and detail So far, attempts to define appropriate and proportionate to economic crime, organized and responsible way and the track has been made in economic crimes. For this reason the organizations parallel working, overlapping and inconsistencies within and outside the organization are located. Unfortunately, so far, specific and comprehensive definition of economic crime was provided. Study in various legal and economic books, and the number of available articles is also confirmed. Thus lack of definition, Economic crime is one of the main challenges is to combat corruption and economic crimes. The Persian dictionary for corruption has been different meanings, Such as destruction, harm and loss, oppression, evil and crime, the ugly and the intrigue and turmoil. Economic crimes are known as all the actions that due to production and distribution activities Impair and hand to hand and the destruction of Product and services. World Bank: economic or fiscal crime defines abuse of power and authority to provide government personal benefits. As the most comprehensive definition can be said that corruption is the abuse of public resources and public facilities, personal or group benefit or corruption, use of deliberate and inadequate use of power or position is assigned to individuals. Deliberate, illegal and replacement of private benefits instead of public interest features are obvious corruption. To date, several theories have been raised about the economic crimes Such as sociological theory, the social environment, psychological, and multi-factor... Economic crimes have unique features, Such as state of being, being hidden, has general aspect, organized, and internationally. Economic crimes have several effects and consequences That on the economics and politics, society, system and ... are effective. Economic crimes with the other crimes have several differences that causes distinguish between them with crimes such as crimes against property, crimes and corruption, crime becomes public.