برهمكنش محيط و فرهنگ: چشم انداز جغرافيايي و تحليل باستان شناختي از استقرارهاي دوره مس-سنگي زاگرس مركزي

Culture and Environment Interactions: A Geographical Perspective and Archaeological Analysis on the Settlement Pattern of the Chalcolithic Period of the Central Zagros

مقاله ي حاضر نتيجه ي فعاليت هاي پروژه اي است كه در سا ل هاي 1385-1383 براي يافتن آثار دوره مس-سنگي و طراحي مدل پراكنش آثار، تحت تاثير عوامل محيطي، در يك گستره ي جغرافيايي منطقه اي در زاگرس مركزي انجام گرفته است. و روش آماري چند متغيره و داده هاي مكاني رقومي، GIS اين مدل با استفاده از عوامل محيطي و فرهنگي را كه سهم بيشتري در شكل دهي به الگوهاي پراكنش داده هاي مكاني ( محوطه هاي باستا ن شناختي ) داشته اند، به صورت تقسيم طبقات ارايه نموده است. با آناليز خوشه اي سه بافت پراكنش در منطقه مورد مطالعه، براساس توزيع عناصر محيطي مشاهده شدند كه ارايه يك مدل نظري دوگانه را پشتيباني ميك‌نند. اكثريت ساي تهاي باستان شناختي در اين مدل محوطه هايي با وسعت بيشتر و در روي ارتفاع متوسط و نزديك به منابع آب قرار دارند و احتمالاً محوطه هايي هستند با خصوصيات يك جانشيني و اقتصاد كشاورزي. در حالي كه نوع ديگري از محوطه ها كه بستر محيطي آن ها با محوطه هاي نوع اول تفاوت دارند، احتمالاً محوطه هايي هستند كه به صورت فصلي استفاده مي شدند.

The Gamasb River Basin survey project carried out from 2004 to 2006 in the Central Zagros West of Iran was aimed at obtaining a reliable overview of the occurrence of Chalcolithic sites across the area. This paper explores environmental archaeological approaches to regional scale research in dynamic landscapes. This approach explicitly links archaeological studies of landscape with various land use patterns that may have affected archaeological material structures. An important aspect of any approach to natural and archaeological resource problems lies with the ability to represent spatially those resources and elements of the environment. The adoption of a spatial framework for landscape study provides a mechanism for the spatial conceptualization of solutions to those problems. A basic rationale for taking a spatial perspective to management strategies can be readily derived from the overall function of planning, namely Geographic Information Systems (GIS) which provide a suitable inference for such a spatial approach and one which establishes the necessary analytical and decision support tools. The main goals of present paper are as follow: (1)- This paper attempts to make a contribution toward application of the above concepts archaeological material distributions on the cultural landscape; (2)- examines the role and functionality of GIS as an appropriate tool for spatial analyses of archaeological materials and an appropriate decision-support tool that conceptualizes solutions for the environmental and cultural interactions; (3)- discusses the potential of assessment method through the use of statistics based on findings from a case study in Iran. Results have increased our understanding of archaeological site location in Iran and the close links between landscape ecology and archaeology.