يكپارچه سازي سيستم حمل و نقل راهكاري در جهت دستيابي به حمل و نقل پايدار مطالعه موردي؛ كلانشهر شيراز

Integrated Transportation Approach: Achieving Sustainable Transportation Case study: Metropolitan Shiraz

سياست?هاي حمل?و?نقل پايدار در?صدد جستجوي روش?هايي است كه امكان دسترسي مناسب? را براي همه اقشار جامعه فراهم كرده، هزينه?هاي اقتصادي را تعديل نموده و زمينه آلودگي?هاي زيست?محيطي را كاهش دهد. از طرفي ديگر، تجارب كنوني حمل?و?نقل درون شهري در كشور ما و ادامه روند موجود، قرابت اندكي با چشم?انداز حمل?و?نقل پايدار دارد. «راهبرد حمل?و?نقل يكپارچه» (Integrated Transportation Approach) با هدف يكپارچه?سازي و هماهنگ نمودن خدمات جابجايي در راستاي دستيابي به آرمان حمل?و?نقل پايدار پيشنهاد شده است. كلانشهر شيراز امروزه با مشكلات عمده?اي در حوزه حمل?و?نقل درون شهري همچون سهم پايين استفاده از حمل?و?نقل عمومي، ازدحام ترافيكي روزافزون در بخش مركزي شهر، مصرف بالاي سوخت و بروز انواع آلودگي مواجه بوده و به منظور كاهش مشكلات مذكور، طرح?ها و اقدامات عملي و نرم?افزاري متعددي را تجربه نموده است. پژوهش حاضر به بيان يافته?هاي يك تحقيق مبتني بر نظرسنجي كارشناسي (Expert Opinion) مي?پردازد كه در آن وضعيت جاري شيراز در حوزه حمل?و?نقل درون شهري و سياست?هاي اعمال شده با رويكرد يكپارچه?سازي بررسي شده است. اطلاعات مورد نياز از طريق تكميل پرسشنامه و مصاحبه با مديران و كارشناسان بخش دولتي و خصوصي (مشاورين) جمع?آوري شده و با روش تحليل چند معياري سلسله مراتبي (AHP) مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفته است. يافته?هاي پژوهش نشان مي?دهد كه سياست?هاي جاري مديريت شهري شيراز از نظر معيارهاي «راهبرد حمل?و?نقل يكپارچه»، وضعيت مطلوبي ندارد. از ديدگاه كارشناسي، اولويت?بندي سياست?هاي يكپارچه?سازي با محوريت توسعه حمل?و?نقل عمومي و به ترتيب شامل افزايش دسترسي و كارايي اتوبوسراني در مناطق شهريِ داراي پتانسيل تقاضا، تخصيص بخشي از عوايد ناشي از دريافت عوارض شهرداري در بخش حمل?و?نقل عمومي و ايجاد مسيرهاي ويژه اتوبوس در كريدورهاي پر تردد و بخش مركزي شهر مي?باشند.

In comparison with the past, the public awareness and public sensitivity have notably increased through sustainability. In this regard, different departments have discussed their problems via the approach of sustainability. Sustainable development considers economic, social and environmental dimensions simultaneously. The same is true with sustainable transportation whose sustainable development policies in transportation area seek ways to provide all groups of society with appropriate access, to adjust economic costs and ,more importantly, to reduce the negative environmental impacts. However, almost all indicators show that the current experience of the transportation in our country and the consistent trend in the world are not only in the wrong direction but are also unstable in the longer term. One of the most efficient approaches to achieve sustainability is the strategy of integrating transportation system. "Integrated transportation strategy" is suggested to provide a more sustainable model of transportation to achieve sustainability and address major concerns. This research will study the case study of metropolitan Shiraz which is located in the southwest of Iran, with a population of almost 1.5 million. Facing numerous problems in the domain of urban transportation, Metropolitan Shirazʹs current trend is not stable due to the cityʹs struggling with some specific problems such as low share of public transport usage and dependency on car, high level of car ownership, growing population and density in central districts, high level of fuel usage, and increasing pollution. Several actions and plans including some action plans , special and technical programs and software have been carried out to address the aforementioned urban problems in the hope of reducing these problems , but they had not achieved enough efficiency. This study investigates the current situation of the transportation system in Shiraz using information collected via an expert opinion survey, questionnaires and interviewing some managers and experts in public or private organizations, companies, and consulting offices using special method called Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to evaluate the system and define the priorities for future considerations. The results confirm that current set of policies undertaken by urban management and urban governance system in Shiraz almost fails to conform to the desirable criteria of Integrated Transport Approach. Although certain models have been recommended to achieve integration of transportation system, this article opted for a more comprehensive model by Potter and Skinner (2000). The finding of this research shows that, according to experts’ viewpoints, integration policies should be oriented to improving the public transport system. These policies include basic policies which will be presented as follows: the increase of the accessibility and efficiency of public bus system for potential demand areas; allocation of part of Municipality incomes to public transport sector; and establishment of separated bus lanes especially throughout the central district of the city.