پديد آورندگان :
فراهاني ، حسين نويسنده دانشگاه زنجان , , حاجي حسيني، سميرا نويسنده - ,
كليدواژه :
بخش شال , توانمندسازي , توسعه روستايي , كارآفريني روستايي , كارآفريني
چكيده فارسي :
توجه به روحيه كارآفريني در روستاييان از مهم‌ترين راهكارهاي توسعه روستايي به‌شمار مي‌آيد. عامل اصلي تحقق فعاليت كارآفرينانه در سطح اجتماع، فراهم‌بودن زمينه كارآفريني در جامعه است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزيابي ظرفيتهاي نواحي روستايي براي توسعه كارآفريني و توانمندسازي روستاييان انجام شده است. اين پژوهش از نظر ماهيت، كاربردي و از نظر روش تحقيق توصيفي- تحليلي؛ و از نظر نحوه گردآوري داده‌ها از نوع تحقيقات كتابخانه‌اي و پيمايش ميداني (پرسشنامه، مصاحبه و مشاهده مستقيم) است. جامعه آماري تحقيق خانوارهاي 8 روستاي بخش شال هستند، كه از طريق فرمول كوكران 196 خانوار به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. براي تجزيه و تحليل اطلاعات از آمارهاي توصيفي (ميانگين، انحراف معيار) و آمار استنباطي (ضريب همبستگي، آزمون t تك‌نمونه‌اي، آزمون فريدمن، آزمون كاي‌دو و تحليل مسير) استفاده شده است. نتايج تحقيق نشان مي‌دهند كه روستاهاي مطالعه‌شده در هيچ‌كدام از ابعاد فردي، اقتصادي، اجتماعي و زيرساختي داراي ظرفيتهاي لازم براي توسعه كارآفريني نيستند؛ و نتايج تحليل مسير نشان مي‌دهند كه زمينههاي زيرساختي و فردي بيشترين تاثير را بر كارآفريني دارند. اگرچه روستاهاي منطقه در هيچ‌يك از زمينهها در حد مطلوب نيستند، ولي با تقويت زمينههاي فردي و زيرساختي مي‌توان اميد داشت كه كارآفريني در روستاها افزايش يابد و مشكل بيكاري و مهاجرت حل شود. بدين‌ترتيب درآمد روستاييان افزايش مييابد و به توسعه روستا و توانمندي روستاييان ميانجامد.
چكيده لاتين :
Stability and survival of rural communities for the residents without productive and profitable engagement is impossible. In this context the emergence of rural entrepreneurship is inevitable. Today, one of the most important strategies for rural development is attention to the entrepreneurial spirit among the villagers and farmers. Thus entrepreneurship can improve quality of life, better distribution of income and optimize utilization of resources by creating employments - that have an important role in the economic development of rural area- and reduce unwanted immigration and cause rural development and rural empowerment. Main problem to reach to this goal is preparing the context in the rural society. The shawl district is part of the rural community in the Buin Zahra town ship, In stability due to ecological conditions , such as drought and recent consequences such as lack of water , low water levels in wells in this area are an important source of is Poor soil ( soil is saline and alkaline ), not to increase the cultivation and use of modern agricultural machinery due to fragmentation of agricultural land and low level of productivity and lack income ... Faced is with Weakness in the agricultural foundations and this is not able to provide economic and social indicators for rural development and also the problem of unemployment , especially youth unemployment, increasing rural -urban migration and youth trends in the delinquency , Which this is leading to the village evacuation in most cases, and Integration is in the nearby villages, Finally, This is causing enlargement of the villages and the shortage of proportional to the population facilities which leads to unemployment –and they will the problems that were mentioned.
This is present research trying to find reasonable and appropriate responses for the following questions:
1. Are there located the capacities of villages for development of entrepreneurship rural in good conditions?
2. Which have the capacities and the fields (personal, economic, social, infrastructure) the greatest impact on the development of entrepreneurship in the area?
3. What are the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic of empowerment?
The aim of this research is evaluating of capacities of rural areas for entrepreneurship and empowerment of rural residents by using documentary and field study, through descriptive - analytical research method. Data was collected by questionnaire, interview and direct observation. The 196 households living in the shawl county and local authority was selected as samples. The Spss software and descriptive statistics (Median, mean, variance, and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Path analysis, correlation analysis, one- sample t -test, Friedman, chi2) were used to analyzing the data.
Demographic characteristics of responders (1)
gender education job
The average age The average household woman man illiterate Primary Secondary Diploma and above Diploma and Bachelor Masterʹs degree or higher Government Agriculture industrial Services Rancher worker Housekeeper Private
34/4(year) 4/1(people) %4/1 %82/1 %17/3 %32/1 %26 %12/8 %9/7 %2 %13/3 %35/2 %9/2 %12/2 %3/1 %9/7 %9/7 %7/7
The findings of this are research show that responders have evaluated in lower limit all the indicators. In the Table (2) (average: 1: Very little, 2: Low, 3: Medium, 4: Good, 5: Very good [Based on a Likert]).
(Table2)
Indicators Frequencies Average
Indicators 34/6 2/78
Economic 33/1 2/84
Social and Cultural 29/08 2/98
Environment and infrastructure 34/6 2/49
The results have been shown that the Individual, economic, social and infrastructural capacities for development of entrepreneurship are very low. The results imply that there are a positive relation between education, age and income with appropriate contexts of entrepreneurship. Based on the chi2 test, it can be said with increase fields of the entrepreneurial, also will increase the rate of trends of entrepreneurial households. Moreover findings shown that the infrastructures and personal’s capacity have the most effect on entrepreneurship and increasing the contexts of entrepreneurship in rural areas. As regards, all of the villages in the study area aren’t in good condition in all fields, but if we do this contexts strengthen (the personal and infrastructure) we would expect increasing of entrepreneurship, it is solve problem of unemployment and immigration rural areas. As a result, it will increase income of villagers and cause rural development and empowerment of villagers.
According to the results of research and studies in the field of rural proposals for the development of entrepreneurship and empowerment villagers could be named as follows:
1. Increasing is confidence by transferring responsibilities executive and group tasks to a group of villagers young and experienced
2. Presentation is low -interest loans and credits with a repayment long-term for creating small businesses and quick efficiency to the village with monitoring the relevant organs.
3. Identify are potentials and opportunities to investors inside and out of the village lead to the investment in rural areas through the creation of blogs and brochures by Dhyary and rural management.
4. Learning is skills such as entrepreneurship and business start, English language, computer and internet to rural youth to learn about the business of creating new markets.
5. Increasing is awareness of villagers and international markets and consumer needs through training and extension services by persons educated and experienced young villagers
6. Training courses of entrepreneurship and creativity for Dhyary in the county, by the experienced coaches or successful entrepreneurs and classroom materials are presented to the villagers.
7. According to lack of effective institutions to support the establishment and development of cooperatives in the study area cooperative and integrated rural development is essential for the creation of new businesses.
Keywords
