دفاع غير نظامي و ارزيابي كار ويژه بسيج در پرتوآموزه‌هاي حقوق بين‌الملل بشر دوستانه

Civil - Defense and Assessment of Basij Function in the light of the instructions of Humanitarian International law

حقوق بشردوستانه به عنوان مقررات حاكم بر منازعات بين المللي و غير بين‌المللي، حاصل تلاقي و توازن دو ملاحظه ذاتاً متضاد است: ملاحظات‌ نظامي از يك سو و مقتضيات بشردوستي از سوي ديگر. رسالت اين حقوق، تامين رفتار انساني و تعميم آن از زمان صلح به دوران درگيري است. بر اين اساس، اصل بر انجام اقدامات جنگي با رعايت ملاحظات و محدديتهاي ناشي از اصل بشردوستي يا انسانيت است و تنها در برخي از موارد كه ضرورت نظامي ايجاب كند (مشروط بر آنكه اين امر متضمن نقض فاحش بنيادهاي حقوق مذكور نباشد)، اين اصل ممكن است استثنا پيدا كند. از آنجا كه صِرف ايجاد مقرراتي براي حمايت از قربانيان درگيريها نمي‌تواند رهايي از آثار قهري جنگ را تضمين نمايد، راهها و ساز و كارهايي تعبيه شده كه «دفاع غيرنظامي» يكي از آنها‌ست. در اين نوشتار، نهاد «دفاع غيرنظامي» در پرتو حقوق بشر دوستانه؛ يعني مقررات حقوق ژنو 1949 و 1977، مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گرفته، سپس وضعيت قانوني و عملي واحدهاي نيروي مقاومت بسيج سپاه از نظر بهره‌مندي از اوصاف حقوق بين‌المللي سازمان دفاع غيرنظامي، بررسي و ارزيابي شده است.

Humanitarian law as the governing regulations on international and non - international conflicts is the result of confluence and balance of two inately cinflicting considerations; Military Considerations on the one hand, and humanitarian cicumstances on the one hand, and humanitarian cicumstances on the other. The responsibility of this law is to guarantee human behavior in peace - time and to extend it to war time. Based on this responsibility, the principle is to Conduct war measures while observing such considerations and limitations derived from the principle of humane or humanitarian. Only in some exceptional and rare cases in which military circumstances necessitate (provided that such military action would not be involved in blatant violation of the fundementals of this law) the principle may be overlooked. Meanwhile, Since, the mere establishment of laws and regulations for safeguarding the victims of conflicts could not guarantee the avoidance of natural consequences of war, some ways and mechanisms have been devised one of which is "non - military defense". In the present article, the concept of "non - military defense" in the light of humanitarian law that is 1949 & 1977 Geneva Rights Agreements has been reviewed and analyzed Then, legal and practical status of I.R.G.C Basij Resistance Force units have been discussed and evaluated from the viewpoint of being included in the definitions of international law non - military defense organization Key terms: humanitarian law armed conflict, Basij, non - military defense, I.R.G.C(sepah)