مقايسه ديدگاه علامه طباطبايي‌ و ملاصدرا درباره معاد جسماني

A Comparison of the Views of ‘Allamah Tabataba’i and Mulla Sadra about Corporeal Resurrection

در سنت حكمي ـ‌كلامي اسلامي، معاد جسماني يكي از غامضترين مسايل بوده است، بطوريكه فيلسوفان و متكلمان قبل از ملاصدرا يا از تبيين آن اظهار عجز ميكردند يا تبييني غير‌معقول يا غير‌مشروع ارايه ميدادند. بعد از آنكه ملاصدرا درباره معاد جسماني تبييني معقول و منطبق با شرع ارايه كرد بيشتر فيلسوفانِ متاخر، نظريه وي را پذيرفتند. گرچه برخي از صاحبنظران، كه تفسير او را منطبق با شرع نيافتند، با ديدگاه او مخالفت كرد‌ه‌اند. در اين ميان، علامه طباطبايي ـ‌‌كه از پيروان حكمت متعاليه است‌‌ـ درباره كيفيت معاد جسماني با صراحت اظهار نظر نكرده است. بر همين اساس، عده‌يي او را مخالف معاد جسماني صدرايي و عده‌يي او را موافق آن ميدانند. بررسي هندسه معرفتي علامه طباطبايي گوياي اين حقيقت است كه وي معتقد به معاد جسماني مورد نظر ملاصدرا بوده است چراكه، اولاً مباني فلسفي، تفسيري و عرفاني علامه طباطبايي و ملاصدرا با هم منطبقند، ثانياً علامه مخالفتي با معاد جسماني مورد نظر ملاصدرا و موافقتي با معاد جسماني مورد نظر ديگران ابراز نكرده است.

In the Islamic philosophical-kalami tradition, corporeal resurrection has always been one of the most complicated problems. In fact, the philosophers and mutikallimun before Mulla Sadra either failed to explain it or provided an irrational explanation for it. Following Mulla Sadra’s presentation of a rational account of corporeal resurrection, which was in conformity with Shar‘ (religious law), most of the philosophers after him agreed with his theory. Nevertheless, some scholars who did not find his interpretation in conformity with Shar‘ expressed their disagreement with his view. Here, ‘Allamah Tabataba’i, as an advocate of the Transcendent Philosophy, has said nothing about the quality of corporeal resurrection explicitly. Accordingly, some consider him an opponent of Sadrian corporeal resurrection, while some others consider him a follower of Mulla Sadra in this regard. A study of ‘Allamah Tabataba’i’s epistemological geometry manifests the truth that he believed in the notion of corporeal resurrection as intended by Mulla Sadra. This is because, firstly, the philosophical, interpretive, and gnostic principles of ‘Allamah Tabataba’i and Mulla Sadra are in agreement with each other. Secondly, ‘Allamah has expressed neither any disagreement with Mulla Sadra’s theory of corporeal resurrection nor any agreement with that of others.