بومي سازي سياست جنايي با تاكيد بر نقد اهمّ مدلهاي غربي و گفتمانهاي فقهيِ سياست جنايي

Critical Assessment Of Religious Science Discourses In The Field Of Islamic Criminal Policy

از ويژگي هاي گفتمان هاي غالب در سياست جنايي غربي، قرارگيري دولت ها به طور نسبي در يكي از مدل هاي تعريف شده ليبرال، اتوريته، توتاليتر و مانند آن است كه خود در تقابل نظري و عمليِ آزادي گرايي و امنيت گرايي ريشه دارد. سياست جنايي غربي معاصر، در پيروي از منطق مدرنيته و هم چنين نتيجه ديالكتيك ساختار و كنش ميان نهادها و كنش‌گراني است كه منطق تدبير آن ها در قبال بزهكاري در چارچوب «نظريه سيستم ها» معنادار است. اين تنها گوشه اي از وضعيت اسف بار چيرگي مدرنيته بر علوم انساني است. ناتواني الگوهاي غربي سياست جنايي در مهار بحران هاي بزهكاري، چالش هاي امنيت، بيداري جنبش هاي ملي مخالف سياست هاي كيفري دولت هاي غربي و نگراني هاي جهاني شده ديگر، ضرورت تامل در دو پرسش را توجيه مي كند: 1) چرا و چگونه بايد روند پيروي گفتمان دانشگاهي و بعضاً كاربردي حقوق ايران از مدلهاي وارداتي سياست جنايي غربي را كنترل نمود؟ 2) آسيب شناسي در مباني گفتمانهاي رايج سياست جنايي فقهي، به طراحي نظام سياست جنايي بومي چه كمكي مي كند؟ هدف نهايي مقاله، پالايش معرفت شناختي بخش هاي قابل گرته برداري از قرايت هاي رايج سياست جنايي فقهي و غربي و سهم دهي به هر يك از اين دو منبع در ساختار يك نظام سياست جنايي بومي است؛ نظامي كه اين مقاله در تلاش براي ترسيم دورنماي مباني آن است.

Theorizing and commentating in the field of criminal policy is severely needed for our country on the note that lack of a solid and coherent domestic pattern for managing reactions against crime and deviance will cause disharmony among responsible governmental sectors, and this will in turn cause a decrease in criminal justice factors in the Iran. Although paving the path toward criminal justice in Iran is first of all and naturally influenced by Islamic teachings, the term ‘Islamic Criminal Policy’ confronts many theoretical and practical challenges religious and legal literature in our country; challenges that should be recognized and solved whereas if not, we cannot claim preparation for moving towards designing ‘the theory of Islamic-Iranian Criminal Justice’. Studying the performed research in the country in the field of criminal policy shows that there are a couple of important dialogues in this regard. As we can consider ethical dialogues which are specifically in the field of criminal policy which are indirectly effective on basics, structure, and changes in Islamic criminal policy. This paper intends to use an analytical dialectics approach in order to perform a pathology on both famous and effective approaches with insist on philosophy of Fiq-h, and describes how a relation may be established between policies ruling over criminal Fiq-h and Islamic criminal policies. The final goal of this research is to draw a framework of Islamic criminal policy which itself is a part of a broader theory; namely, the Islamic Iranian pattern of criminal policy.