الگوي گسترش فضايي منطقه 13 شهر تهران

Spatial Extension Pattern of District 13 of Tehran City

در دهه‌هاي اخير شهرها به شكلي بي‌برنامه رشد كرده و محدوده‌هاي شهري در مدت كوتاهي به چندين برابر وسعت اوليه خود رسيده‌اند؛ اين معضل به عارضه منفي پراكندگي شهري منجر شده و منشاً بسياري از مشكلات در كشورهاي در حال توسعه شده است، بنابراين بررسي الگوي گسترش شهرها يكي از مسايلي است كه مي‌تواند استراتژي‌هاي توسعه را در افق دوردست جهت توانمندسازي مديريت شهري فراهم سازد. هدف از اين پژوهش تعيين الگوي گسترش فضايي منطقه 13 شهر تهران طي سال‌هاي 89-1384 و ارايه راهكارهايي به منظور دستيابي به الگوي بهينه و پايدار رشد شهري است. روش پژوهش توصيفي‌ـ تحليلي، به صورت مطالعات اسنادي‌ـ كتابخانه‌اي، برداشت‌هاي ميداني با در نظر گرفتن شاخص‌هاي مساحت، جمعيت و تراكم كلي مسكوني و بهره‌گيري از مدل‌هاي آنتروپي شانون و هلدرن به عنوان روش‌هايي كاربردي براي تحليل سيستماتيك الگوهاي رشد شهري است. نتايج پژوهش بر‌اساس مطالعات صورت گرفته نشان مي‌دهد كه منطقه مورد مطالعه طي سال‌هاي اخير به صورت پراكنده رشد كرده و منجر به عارضه منفي پراكندگي شهري شده است، بر اين اساس مي‌توان از الگوي گسترش متمركز درون‌بافتي (فشرده و عمودي) و در عين حال تغيير كاربري زمين‌هاي متعلق به پادگان نيروي هوايي و مهمات‌سازي بهره گرفت تا توسعه كالبدي منطقه روند معقولانه‌تري را طي كند.

In recent decades, cities have grown with no plan and urban boundaries have reached to extend several times bigger than its original ones during a short period of time. This problematic issue caused to negative phenomenon of urban dispersion. Also it is the source of many problems in cities in developing countries. Thus, studying the urban extension pattern is one of the issues which can provide the development strategy in order to empower the urban management in long-term. Tehran as the capital city of Iran in terms of physical growth and development had a slow growth and low compaction in the past. However, by the onset of rapid urbanization and uncontrolled rural to urban migration growth, its area has grown rapidly. It can be expected the horizontal growth pattern and urban dispersion, although the tendency to concentration and compression in recent years is observed. Regarding the major impact of the physical development pattern of each city on the stability or instability of its development, managers, administrators and urban planners must have sufficient knowledge about available physical development and physical growth of cities in order to guide this pattern to urban sustainable development. The aim of the present study is to determine the pattern of spatial extension of district 13 of Tehran city during 2006 to 2011, as well as providing solutions to achieve an optimized and sustainable city growth pattern. The research is through descriptive and analytical method as documents studies, library studies and fieldwork surveys, with considering the area, population and residential density indicates by using Holdren and Shannon Entropy as an applied method to systematic analysis of urban growth pattern in recent years. The results based on the present studies show that in the case study, the area has grown dispersal and it has caused negative occurrence of urban dispersion. Since the trend of physical expansion of city and region will continue in the case study, undoubtedly, it will be necessary to allocate some parts of open areas for construction. If its future expansion is not considered to be planned, indeed not in a long future, the region will face a lot of problems and issues which may cause loss of citizens’ welfare and failure to achieve a healthy city. Therefore, by coordinating the growth of other land uses along with residential land use growth, we can help the balanced urban growth. Accordingly, we must use the pattern of concentrated development within the inner texture (intensive and vertical) and also changing the land use of some parts of air force military land belongings in order to have a logical trend for physical development of the region.