نقد و بررسي فقهي ادلّه اعتبار كتابت دِين

Juridical Studying and Criticizing the Reasons of the Reliability of the Writing of Debt

در كنار تاكيدات فراواني كه قرآن كريم بر كتابت دِين كرده است فقهاي اماميه آيه 282 سوره بقره و روايات گوناگوني را دليلي بر اعتبار و حجيت كتابت دين دانسته و براي كتابت دين به عنوان يك سند حجيت قايل‌اند. از سوي ديگر، برخي انديشمندان اسلامي، با نگاهي مخالف، دلالت اين ادلّه، به ويژه رواياتي را كه در اين زمينه وارد شده است، براي اثبات حجيت كتابت دين ناكافي مي‌دانند. در اين مقاله ضمن بررسي روايي اين موضوع و طرح اشكالات و مناقشات موجود و نقد و بررسي آن‌ها و ردّ استنباطاتي كه مخالفان از روايات مبني بر عدم اعتبار كتابت دين داشته‌اند به اين نتيجه رسيده‌ايم كه آيه مذكور و روايات موجود در اين خصوص، بر اعتبار سند كتبي به عنوان يكي از ادله اثبات موضوع دلالت تامّ دارند و تمامي مناقشات و اشكالات در اين زمينه مردود و قابل پاسخ هستند.

In addition to the abundant emphases that the Quran has made on the writing of the debt, Shiite jurisprudents have regarded the verse 282 of the chapter Baqara and deferent traditions as the reasons for the reliability and validity of the writing debt and have considered it as valid evidence. On the other hand, announcing contrary position, some of Islamic intellectuals have considered the denotation of these reasons, particularly the traditions that have come in this field, as insufficient for proving the validity of writing debt. Traditional studying of this subject and propounding the available difficulties and criticizing and considering them and rejecting the inferences that opponents have of these traditions that writing debt is not valid, we concluded in this paper that the above verse and the traditions which are available in this respect have complete denotation on the validity of the written document as one of the reasons of proving the subject and all the difficulties and questions can be answered and rejected. Key words: Document, Debt, Evidence, Writing.