ارزيابي الگوي مديريت محله مبتني بر شاخصهاي حكمروايي مطلوب شهري مطالعه موردي: محله اوين، تهران

The Assessment of the Pattern of Neighborhood Management through Good Urban Governance Indices Case Study : Evin Neighborhood, Tehran.

در سالهاي اخير در كلانشهر تهران مديريت شهري در قالب تشكيل و حمايت از فعاليت شوراياريهاي محلات، اقدامات خوبي در زمينه استفاده از ظرفيت مشاركت و همكاري شهروندان و توجه به اولويتها و نيازهاي محلي با توجه به جايگاه ويژه محلات در سازماندهي و شكلدهي امور شهري، انجام داده كه اجراي -طرح مديريت محله- در اين راستا بوده است. همچنين در دهههاي اخير، رويكردهاي مختلفي در ارتباط با مديريت شهري به ويژه مديريت كلانشهرها به وجود آمده كه رويكرد -حكمروايي مطلوب شهري- در زمره مهمترين اين رويكردهاست كه خواستار تعامل ميان سه نهاد دولت، جامعه مدني و بخش خصوصي به منظور مديريت بهتر شهرها ميباشد. با توجه به همين امر، مقاله حاضر به بررسي وضعيت مديريت محله اوين از لحاظ شاخصهاي هشتگانه حكمروايي مطلوب شهري ميپردازد و در پي پاسخگويي به سوالات تحقيق ميباشد كه شامل چه شاخصهايي عملكرد بيشتري در شكلگيري الگوي مطلوب محدوده مورد مطالعه داشتهاند؟ و مديريت محله اوين از نظر شاخصهاي حكمروايي مطلوب شهري در چه وضعيتي ميباشد؟ اين پژوهش از نوع توصيفي- تحليلي بوده و ابزار سنجش، پرسشنامه ميباشد. با طراحي گويهها براي هر شاخص با استفاده از طيف ليكرت از كارشناسان ساكن محله اوين تنظيم شده و حجم نمونه برابر با 40 نفر از كارشناسان بوده است. روش نمونهگيري در اين تحقيق، نمونهگيري تصادفي ساده بوده و نوع پژوهش از لحاظ هدف نيز، كاربردي ميباشد. دادههاي به دست آمده با استفاده از آزمونهاي آماري T-TEST، ANOVA و آزمونهاي تعقيبي TUKEY و DUNNETT در فضاي نرمافزار SPSS مورد تجزيهوتحليل قرار گرفته است. نتايج حاصل از آزمون آماري نشان ميدهد كه شاخصهاي اثربخشي و پاسخگويي، از كاركرد بيشتري در شكلگيري الگوي مطلوب مديريت محله اوين نقش داشتهاند(تاييد فرضيه اول) و مديريت محله اوين از لحاظ شاخصهاي حكمروايي مطلوب شهري در وضعيت خوبي قرار دارد(تاييد فرضيه دوم).

The development of urban management approaches based on sustainability has been growing recently. The concept of citizen participation is one of important criteria since the collaborative management and social science theorists have emphasized citizen participation as the main representative of the democratic systems legitimacy. Thus, enabling citizens to participate in urban management leads to increasing citizenship satisfaction. This will put citizens in a situation to have the ability to change the urban environment satisfactorily; on the other hand, city managers consider citizensʹ ideas in decision making process and act accordingly. In sustainable urban management system- based participation, citizens not only judge the result of city managers and administer activities, but also participate in decision- making processes. Many years ago, urban neighborhoods had special position in forming and organizing civil affairs. As a result of changes in conditions and factors affecting urban development, once again neighborhoods drew the attention of urban planners. In other words, in recent years, many cities have begun to realize that the central planning model has not been able to provide the solution to urban problems. Instead, the option of government-grassroots partnerships has slowly begun to come back into attention of urban governments. That is why encouraging people to consciously and actively participate in different cultural, economic, welfare and local activities has been always one of the most important issues for the urban managers. In recent decades, various approaches in urban management, especially metropolises management, have been proposed and "Good urban governance" is one of the most important approaches which involves the interaction among three institutions of "government, civil society and private sectors" to improve the urban management. This kind of Governance has been accepted as the most effective, most constant and the cheapest method. In Tehran metropolis, recently, with the contribution of urban management and interaction among other units and subdivisions, some appropriate projects have been carried out to constitute and support the activities of neighborhood counseling units and to use the participantsʹ capacity and citizensʹ contribution in considering the priorities and local requirements of which one is the " neighborhood management plan" in this respect. The present study investigates the management of Evin neighborhood based on eight indices of Good Urban Governance to respond to the following questions that : how is the management of Evin neighborhood is based on the mentioned indices? And which indices have shown higher performance in forming a good model of the subject? This is a descriptive- analytical study, in which questionnaires were used to design measures for each index using Likert spectrum. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using statistical tests including T-TEST and ANOVA and post-tests TUKEY and DUNNET. Statistical results show that the management of Evin neighborhood is good based on the indices of Good Urban Governance (Approval of the first hypothesis) and the indices of effectiveness and responsiveness were far more applicable in forming Good Urban Governance model in Evin neighborhood. (Approval of the second hypothesis).