پديد آورندگان :
قادرمزي، حامد نويسنده , , جمشيدي ، عليرضا نويسنده JAMSHIDI, A.R. , جمشيدي، معصومه نويسنده Jamshidi , masoumeh , جميني، داود نويسنده دانشجوي كارشناسي ارشد جغرافيا و برنامه ريزي روستايي، دانشگاه اصفهان، ايران ,
كليدواژه :
تحليل سلسله مراتبي , چالش , جعفرآباد , اسكان غيررسمي , اولويتبندي
چكيده لاتين :
Informal settlement as a phenomenon occurs due to the structural changes, economic and social problems, such as rural migration and the rapid urbanization in most countries, especially least- developed countries. As a result, the phenomenon reaches and spreads beyond its location and has mutual impact on the environment in some cases. Finding a solution to the problem needs policy and actions both at the local and national levels. Therefore, this study identifies and prioritizes issues and problems of informal settlements in the city of Kermanshah, Jafar Abad case study area. With this end in view, the survey method was used for this research. Information was obtained through questionnaire. Based on Cochran formula and with cluster sampling in view, a sample of 250 households was randomly selected. The site of research covered 250 households living in marginal districts. Results were analyzed using hierarchical techniques (AHP). Afterwards, the issues and problems in marginalized areas were divided into five general categories of economic, social, educational, health, and welfare challenges. The results show that the main challenge is the social factor in the region and economic, health, education and welfare factors are the next preferences. As a consequence of structural changes and socio-economic problems, such as rural uncontrolled migration and rapid urbanization, the phenomenon of informal settlement has emerged in most countries particularly in less developed countries. This phenomenon takes place and develops in the context of factors and spreads beyond the place and mutually affects the environment. Solution to this problem needs local as well as national policymaking and actions. Marginalization is the by-product of the urbanization character and one of characteristics of the industrial society. In pre-industrial societies, productive activities were concentrated in rural areas, agriculture was the main activity and farmers formed much of the working force. With the advent of the industrial revolution, all the dimensions changed; new industries required an increase in the workforce in the cities. Thus, widespread migration began. Among the migrants, only those who have had a better financial position and income were able to quickly adapt to the city, but the rest were forced to stay on the fringes of the city. The issues associated with the formation of this phenomenon are not only limited to marginalized areas but also affects the city as a whole; the outcome is the incidence of abnormalities in the field of urbanization. The hiring of marginalized people for low-paid and menial jobs, unauthorized construction, the inability of municipalities to provide adequate services in these areas, environmental pollution, unfavourable cultural, economic, social and political impacts of these areas on the whole system in urban areas are among the destructive and harmful consequences. Therefore, the investigation of these challenges and provision of solutions to reduce them seem important. The results showed that the majority of cases are 35 – 65- year adults. The average age was 38 years old. The households with their migrant families were studied which amounted to 93.65% of the case studies who have migrated to the city with the entire households. Average dependants per household comprised 6.3 %. The large number of households in this region stems from high birth rates, avoidance of the various population control methods, a desire to have sons, and extended families living together in these households. Results showed that 38.32% of households had no education, 32.65% had primary education, and 29.03% had higher education. In terms of employment status, 38.45% of heads of households were unemployed. 62.13% of households were headed to jobs such as municipal workers, construction workers and taxi drivers (rented taxi) are employed. The results indicate that the income of more than 60 % of households amounts to less than two million and five hundred thousand riyals per month. In addition, the results show that in terms of the housing situation, more than 50 % of the case studies and the extended family reside in rented houses. The majority of residents (63.73%) have migrated from their villages to this area owing to their financial difficulties, drought, lack of enough arable land, and migration of other relatives.
