زيبايي از ديدگاه ملا‌صدرا

Beauty in Mulla Sadra’s View

در اين مقاله براي آشنايي با فلسفه زيبايي و زيبايي‌شناسي از ديدگاه ملاصدرا كلّياتي بيان گرديده تا از اين طريق ديدگاههاي عرفاني او روشن گردد. اين مقاله نشان مي‌دهد كه ملاصدرا مانند ديگر بزرگان عرفان و تصوّف اسلامي و ايراني، بويژه بزرگان مكتب عشق و جمال، به مقوله زيبايي نگريسته و حق تعالي را زيبايي و جمال مطلق دانسته و عشق را زاييده زيبايي خوانده است. او خداوند را عشق و عاشق و معشوق حقيقي در نظر گرفته و با ديدگاهي وحدتوجودي همه هستي را جلوه و تصوير آن جمال لايتناهي دانسته، براي زيبايي ـ‌ مانند وجود و نور‌‌ـ مراتبي قايل بوده كه پس از حق در انسان كامل تجلي يافته و تا پايينترين مراتب هستي ادامه مي‌يابد. او همه ذرّات هستي را داراي حُسن و جمال مي‌داند. ملاصدرا زيباييها و عشقهاي زميني و مجازي را هم، اگر در مسير الهي باشند، محترم و ارزشمند دانسته است..

In this paper, a number of general issues have been presented in order to familiarize readers with Mulla Sadraʹs philosophy of beauty and aesthetics and, in this way, clarify his gnostic views. It reveals that, like other prominent figures of Iranian and Islamic gnosis and sufism, particularly those of the school of love and beauty, Mulla Sadra also dealt with the issue of beauty and viewed the Almighty Truth as absolute beauty. He also maintained that love is born out of beauty. He considers God to be the true love, the true lover, and the true beloved and, following the theory of the “oneness of being”, introduced the whole being as the manifestation and image of that Infinite Beauty. He believed that, like in existence and light, there are certain levels that are manifested in the perfect man after the Truth and continue down to the lowest levels of being. For him, every single particle of being enjoys beauty. He also believed that all terrestrial and metaphorical loves and beauties, provided that they walk in the divine route, are valuable.