بررسي عوامل اجتماعي موثر بر ميزان گرايش به طلاق در شهر ياسوج

A Study of Social Factors Effective on Rate of Tendency to Divorce in Yasouj

هدف از انجام تحقيق حاضر، بررسي عوامل اجتماعي موثّر بر ميزان گرايش به طلاق در شهر ياسوج است. جامعه آماري تحقيق، خانوارهاي شهر ياسوج و روش تحقيق از نوع پيمايشي است. ابزار جمع آوري اطّلاعات، پرششنامه و شيوه نمونه گيري تحقيق، نمونه گيري خوشه اي چندمرحله اي بود و حجم نمونه بر حسب فرمول كوكران، 384 نفر انتخاب شدند. متغيّر وابسته تحقيق، ميزان گرايش به طلاق بود كه 9 متغير مستقل شامل تفاوت تحصيلي زوجين، اختلاف سني زوجين، ميزان مراوده با خويشاوندان، ميزان رضايت جنسي و عاطفي از همسر، اختلاف طبقاتي خانواده زوجين، ميزان وفاداري همسر، معيار انتخاب همسر بر حسب اولويت اوّل ازدواج، ميزان شناخت از همسر قبل از ازدواج، سطح انرژي عاطفي در خانواده، در رابطه با آن آزمون گرديد. يافته هاي تحقيق نشان داد كه بين متغيّرهاي ميزان مراوده با خويشاوندان، ميزان رضايت جنسي و عاطفي از همسر، ميزان شناخت از همسر قبل از ازدواج، ميزان وفاداري همسر و سطح انرژي عاطفي در خانواده، با متغير ميزان گرايش به طلاق رابطه معكوس و معني دار وجود دارد و بين متغيّرهاي تفاوت تحصيلي زوجين، اختلاف سني زوجين و اختلاف طبقاتي خانواده زوجين با متغيّر ميزان گرايش به طلاق، رابطه مستقيم و معنادار وجود دارد. نتايج تحليل رگرسيون چند گانه نشان داد، متغيرهاي مستقل مجموعا 44 درصد از واريانس متغيّر وابسته را تبيين مي كنند.

Introduction The family is a vital and initial basic social institution that guaranties both personal and public health. Individuals are affected by the families not only biologically and physically but also in terms of emotional, psychological and personality. In social-population studies legal, religious and customary dissolution of marriage is called divorce. In particular concept divorce include dissolution of the relationship between husband and wife at permanent marriage that following by lack of responsibility for couples in terms of rights and duties of marriage (Hoseini Beheshti, 1358-322). Divorce is a social problem that affects life of people severely. A look at the position of divorce in Iran shows that rate of divorce is upwards in recent years. And this statistics shows that divorce is an important problem. So that due to published statistics from civil registration in 1380 the 60559 person from married people have been divorced. This number has increased to 98756 in 1385 and in 1388 increased to 125747. Kohgiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad province as other provinces of Iran has a high rate of divorce. At Yasouj city in 1388 year, 1537 case of marriage has been registered that per it 136 number of divorce have occurred. On the other hand of each11 marriage one divorce has occurred .however in 1389 per each 1553 marriage 195 divorce event has registered. These statistics shows that per each 7 marriage event one divorce have occurred That has increased36% compare to the same period of last year (civil registration organization, 1390). Modern social changes instead to maintain the family has caused to collapsed it. This has a deep influence on health of divorcees, children and health and social systems. So study and research about divorce from different dimensions is seems essential. Accordingly the purpose of present study is investigating social factors that are influencing tendency to divorce in Yasouj city. Matherial & Methods The theoretical framework used in this study is a composition of exchange ideas of Bellah, social relationships with community of Elizabeth Bath, spouse similarity theory and theory of Randall Collins for explaining of tendency toward divorce. The purpose of this concept is the amount of interest the couple to separate from each other and break – marriage via legal process(Riahi & Colleagues, 1386: 122).S According to mentioned theories 9 hypotheses derived that are including: 1-there is a significant relationship between educational difference of spouses and tendency to divorce. 2- There is a significant relationship between age differences between spouses and tendency to divorce. 3- There is a significant relationship between levels of interaction with kinship groups and tendency to divorce. 4- There is a significant relationship between sexual and emotional satisfaction with partner and tendency to divorce. 5- There is a significant relationship between understanding the wife before marriage and tendency to divorce. 6- There is a significant relationship between Sense of loyalty between spouses and tendency to divorce. 7- There is a significant relationship between level of emotional energy of person and tendency to divorce. 8- There is a significant relationship between the main criteria for choosing a spouse at the time of marriage and tendency to divorce. 9- There is a significant relationship between the class difference of couples families and tendency to divorce. The method of research was survey method and population of this research include families of Yasouj city in 1390. Sample size was 384 families that selected by using the Cochran formula. Sampling method was multi stage cluster. Questionnaire was used for data measuring. Face validity was used for evaluate validity of Questionnaire and scales used in it. for measuring validity Cronbach alpha coefficient was used.Alfa Chronbach for measured variables from Likert scale include ,interaction with kinship%75, sexual and emotional satisfaction%89, spouce loyalty%92, emotional energy%87, tendency to divorce %86 have been estimated. Discussion of Results & Conclusions According to findings of this research %54.7 of interlocutor little tendency, %23.7 medium tendency and %21/6 too tendency have been to divorce. hypothesis test showed that from 9 hypothesis 8 of them confirmed and one of them has been rejected. Mentioned hypothesis was test of relationship between spouse age difference and tendency toward divorce. The results obtained from the correlation coefficient test of relationship between two variables of couple educational difference and tendency to divorce. According to findings, the correlation coefficient is 0.13 that is showing direct correlation and significant levels of %99. According to findings correlation coefficient in variables of communicates with relatives and tendency to divorce was -0.32 that shows reverse and negative correlation and in significant levels of %99 . The fourth hypnosis was sexual and emotional satisfaction from wife and tendency to divorce. The correlation coefficient was -0/49 that is reverse and negative and significant levels of %99 Results obtained from Pearson correlation test between understandings of spouse before marriage and tendency to divorce is showing significant relation. Correlation coefficient was -0.39 that showing reverse and negative correlation and significant level of %99. Also correlation coefficient between loyalty to spouse and tendency to divorce is -0.50 and in significant level of %99 that is showing reverse and negative relationship between two variables. Significant relation was observed between emotional energy level and tendency to divorce. Pearson correlation coefficient was -0. 54 and significant level was%99 that shows there is a reverse and negative relation between two variables. There was a significant relationship between class differences of families and tendency to divorce. So that correlation coefficient was 0.27and Significance level was %99. The last hypnosis related to the main criterion to choosing a mate and tendency to divorce. So that among men that gives attention to beauty or had married because of family persistence and among women most tendencies to divorce was express passions of wife and good financial status of husband. Finally through multiple regression determined that the first independent variable for predicting is the amount of emotional energy in the family which can specifies %29 of tendency toward divorce variance. In total of five variables that are used in regression equation %44 is specified to dependent variable (tendency to divorce). According to the theories that were considered in this research it can be concluded that Exchange Bellah theory with emphasis on attractiveness principle suggests that correspondence of opponent with criterion is important. so that what is attractiveness for person is so important for tendency to divorce or reverse. Violation of the rules and norms of the relationship can cause to divorce. Actually inequality in Cost and rewards for couples leads to feelings of inequity in the exchange and finally led to Separation of interrelationships Couples. This finding verified in other studies, such as Jalilian (1375) and Moltafet (1381) researches. Also unlike spouse similarity theory, there was no significant relationship between age and tendency toward divorce in studied society. In the other word in this society age difference is a accepted style. The result of this research is contrary with researches that conducted by Moltafet (1381), Bahrami (1386) and Ghiasi & Colleagues (1389). From Bath theory can deducted that interaction with kinship can decrease tendency to divorce in target population. Because social network can away from each other or close to each other. According to Collins theory emotional energy could be effective in resume ritual interaction. In the family, measure of emotional energy could be effective in resume couple’s ritual interaction. Finally we can say that following factors can effect tendency to divorce, exchange principles that governing relations, the rate of correspondence of couples and rate of emotional energy that exchanges among family members.