پديد آورندگان :
نقدي، اسداله نويسنده دانشيار گروه علوم اجتماعي دانشگاه بوعلي سينا همدان , , عليوند، علي كرد نويسنده كارشناس ارشد گروه علوم اجتماعي دانشگاه بوعلي سينا همدان ,
چكيده فارسي :
مشاركت و نقش زنان در زمينههاي گوناگون، يكي از شاخصهاي توسعه در هر كشوري است. آمارهاي موجود گوياي آن است كه امروز زنان ايران در جايگاه و منزلتي دوگانه قرار دارند. از نظر شاخصهاي بهداشتي - آموزشي زنان ايران در موقعيتي به مراتب بهتر از اكثر كشورهاي منطقه قرار دارند، اما از نظر حضور در بازار كار و سهم درآمدي، در ميان كشورهاي در حال توسعه رتبه بسيار پاييني دارند. در عين حال، وضعيت استانهاي گوناگون در داخل كشور نيز بسيار متفاوت است. لرستان يكي از استانهاي كمتر توسعه يافته است، بويژه شاخص توسعه جنسيتي آن پايين است و عليرغم مواهب طبيعي بسيار، برخورداريهاي توسعهاي كمتري دارد. روش تحقيق اين بررسي، تحليل داده‌هاي ثانويه است و براي تجزيه و تحليل داده‌ها از روش تاكسونومي عددي و تهيه ماتريس داده‌هاي اقتصادي- اجتماعي براي تعيين نمره توسعه يافتگي زنان و نابرابري‌هاي جنسيتي و تفاوت ميان وضعيت زنان در شهرستان‌ها (رتبه هر شهرستان)، استفاده شده است. يافتهها نشان ميدهند كه در شاخص بهداشت، شهرستان‌هاي اليگودرز، بروجرد و خرم‌آباد در طبقه توسعه يافته، شهرستان‌هاي دورود و ازنا در طبقه نسبتاً توسعه يافته، شهرستان‌هاي كوهدشت، پلدختر و سلسله در طبقه نسبتاً محروم و شهرستان دلفان در طبقه محروم قرار دارد. در شاخص فرهنگي- آموزشي زنان نيز شهرستان‌هاي بروجرد و خرم‌آباد در طبقه توسعه يافته، و پلدختر و دورود در طبقه نسبتاً توسعه يافته، كوهدشت، سلسله و ازنا در طبقه نسبتاً محروم و شهرستان‌هاي اليگودرز و دلفان در طبقه محروم قرار دارند. در شاخص زيربنايي، شهرستان‌هاي خرم‌آباد و بروجرد در طبقه توسعه يافته، شهرستان‌هاي اليگودرز و دورود در طبقه نسبتاً توسعه يافته، شهرستان‌هاي سلسله، كوهدشت و ازنا در طبقه نسبتاً محروم و شهرستان‌هاي پلدختر و دلفان در طبقه محروم قرار دارند.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Gender inequality is a part of socio-economic inequality in all societies. Overcoming discrimination is most important in the poverty reduction programmes every societies especialy in developing countries and a useful tools for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals that announced by UNDP. The Gander development index (GDI) is often considered a “gender-sensitive extension of the HDI” (Klasen 245). It addresses gender-gaps in life expectancy, education, and incomes. It uses an “inequality aversion” penalty, which creates a development score penalty for gender gaps in any of the categories of the Human Development Index which include life expectancy, adult literacy, school enrollment, and logarithmic transformations of per-capita income. The GDI cannot be used independently from the Human Development Index (HDI) score and so, it cannot be used on its own as an indicator of gender-gaps. Only the gap between the HDI and the GDI can actually be accurately considered; the GDI on its own is not an independent measure of gender-gaps. In the years since its creation in 1995, much debate has arisen surrounding the reliability, and usefulness of the Gender Development Index (GDI) in making adequate comparisons between different countries and in promoting gender-sensitive development. The GDI is particularly criticized for being often mistakenly interpreted as an independent measure of gender-gaps when it is not, in fact, intended to be interpreted in that way, because it can only be used in combination with the scores from the Human Development Index, but not on its own. Additionally, the data that is needed in order to calculate the GDI is not always readily available in many countries, making the measure very hard to calculate uniformly and internationally (Ibid). So the participation and role of women in various cultural, social, economic and political fields determine levels of development indicators in each country around the world. Existing data’s shows that womenʹs condition in Iran’s during last decades have dual status. In terms of some HDI indicators component such as health and education, women in Iran are in a situation more better than most countries in the region, but their share of participation rate in labor market and income earning is in very low level in compare with other developing countries. In this case Lorestan province is one of the most poor areas.
Material & Methods
This study’s research method was been second data analysis as a interpretive approach, and critical perspective. While focusing on theoretical and methodological underpinnings of the gender development index be discussed. So this research took about the methods that used here is numerical taxonomy and data matrix - have been used too.
Discussion of Results & Conclusions
As mentioned in state of problems, here the finding shows that Lorestan gender development indicators (GDI) are in low level. But inter provinces analysis among town and cities shows many different among districts. For examples in field of cultural- educational indicators, cities of Borujerd and Khorramabad occupied high developed rank, and then Doroud and Poldokhtar rank is relatively developed cities, some other cities such as Koohdasht,and Azna been relatively disadvantaged and finally most poor sections of cities are located in Aligoodarz and Delfan. Base on results and this study finding a longtime development plans is needed to try increase and improve of gender development indicators in all cities with focus on poor areas same Delfan and Alighoodarz.
