تاثير دينداري و رسانه‏هاي جمعي بر احساس امنيت اجتماعي دانشجويان

The Impact of Religiosity and Mass Media on Studentsʹ Sense of Social Security

امنيت يكي از مهمترين نيازهاي اساسي بشر است و نخستين شرط لازم براي پيشرفت و رسيدن به توسعه پايدار براي جامعه متمدن محسوب مي‏شود. تحقيقات نشان داده‏اند كه دينداري و ميزان استفاده از رسانه‏ها، عوامل فرهنگي تاثيرگذار بر احساس امنيت اجتماعي هستند. بر همين اساس هدف از اين تحقيق، تاثير دينداري و رسانه‏هاي جمعي بر احساس امنيت اجتماعي است. روش تحقيق پيمايشي است. جامعه آماري تحقيق، كليه دانشجويان دانشگاه مازندران مي‏باشند. بدين منظور نمونه‏اي 400 نفري از دانشجويان به صورت نمونه‏گيري تصادفي طبقه‏اي انتخاب شده اند. ابزار جمع‏آوري اطلاعات، پرسشنامه دينداري، ميزان استفاده از رسانه‏ها و احساس امنيت اجتماعي مي‏باشد. يافته‏هاي توصيفي در اين تحقيق حاكي از آن بودند كه ميزان احساس امنيت اجتماعي در حد پايين است. اگرچه ميزان دينداري در حد بالايي قرار دارد. ميزان استفاده از رسانه‏ها نيز در حد متوسط مي‏باشد. نتايج حاصل از آزمون همبستگي نشان مي‏دهد كه دينداري و تمامي ابعادش (بعد اعتقادي، عاطفي، پيامدي، مناسكي) با احساس امنيت اجتماعي رابطه مستقيم و معني‏داري دارد. همچنين احساس امنيت اجتماعي با ميزان استفاده از رسانه‏هاي داخلي، تلويزيون، راديو و ماهواره رابطه معني‏داري دارد ولي با ميزان استفاده از اينترنت، مجله و روزنامه رابطه معني‏داري ندارد. رابطه احساس امنيت اجتماعي با ميزان استفاده از تلويزيون، راديو و رسانه‏هاي داخلي به طور كلي، مستقيم، ولي با ميزان استفاده از ماهواره معكوس است. نتايج تحليل رگرسيون چند متغيره نيز نشان مي‏دهد كه ميزان استفاده از تلويزيون و بعد اعتقادي دينداري به ترتيب بيشترين تاثير را بر احساس امنيت اجتماعي دارند. مقدار R2 به‏دست آمده در تحقيق نيز، 33/0 مي باشد كه نشان مي دهد تنها ميزان استفاده از تلويزيون و بعد اعتقادي دينداري 33 درصد از تغييرات متغير وابسته احساس امنيت اجتماعي را تبيين مي كند.

Introduction Security is one of the man’s fundamental needs and is considered as the first condition for sustainable development in a civilized society. One of the institutions which has an important role on the sense of social security is religion. Religion, religiosity and believe in God guide people to obey rules and prevent them from moral abnormality and anomy. Also, in today’s world, media exercises an extraordinary power on human’s life. Media has a paradoxical impact on society. It can change the truth or show the right, wrong and vice versa. Buzan introduces social security as a set of qualities upon which people consider themselves as members of a special group. In fact, social security is oriented towards dimensions of oneʹs life and oneʹs identity. Of course, feeling of security is related to oneʹs state of mind rather than real life. Materials and Methods Research show that religiosity and the rate of using media are the effective cultural factors that influence feeling of security. On this base, this study aims at investigating the impacts of religiosity and mass media on sense of social security. In fact, in this research sense of social security is the dependent variable. The method of research is survey. All Mazandaran’s students are research population, of whom a sample of 400 individuals were randomly selected. 57.6 percent of respondents were female and 42.4 percent were male. Also, the age mean is 22.63. The research data was gathered through questionnaires. Content validity of questionnaire was achieved. For reliability test, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated. The analysis of data is carried out at descriptive and inferential statistics levels. It should be mentioned that the variables such as level of sense of social security, religiosity and using mass media are examined through Likert scale. Total scores in each scale is calculated and considered as interval variables. Discussion of results and conclusions Descriptive findings show that although rate of religiosity is high but the rate of sense of social security among respondents is low. The mean of sense of social security is 9.04 and the mean of religiosity is 21.36. Using media is at an average level with its mean being 9.99. Findings based on tests show that religiosity and all its dimensions (belief, emotional, outcomes, ritual) have a meaningful and direct relationship with sense of social security. Sense of Social security also has a meaningful relationship with using domestic media, TV, radio and satellite. However, it does not have a relationship with internet, magazines and newspaper usage. Generally speaking, sense of social security has a direct relationship with TV and radio (domestic media) but is in a reversed relationship with satellite usage. Findings on multiple regression technique show that, the rate of watching TV and dimension of belief in religiosity have the most impacts on sense of social security, respectively. R squared is 0/33 which shows that using TV and dimension of belief explain 33 percent of sense of social security variance. To sum up, the results show that religiosity has a great effect on sense of social security. That means by reinforcing religiosity among people we have a greater sense of social security. As Marx said religion is the heart of heartless world. Religion can control oneʹs ambitions. Also, as we mentioned, there is a direct relationship between sense of social security and domestic media but, with satellite usage this relationship is negative. This finding is in line with Raff and Janbaz’s research (2011), who argued that satellite programs have negative effect on feeling of security and national interests. Among the domestic media, TV has the greatest impact on sense of social security. TV is one of the most effective media by witch society reproduce its values and norms. Comparing with TV, radio has less effect on dependent variable but still its role in sense of social security is important. Some people say it is the age of media which means truth would be made by the power of super media.