چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
The purpose of the present research is to investigate and identify the effect of demographic, economic, social, and cultural factors in describing family violence. In other words, in this research an attempt is made to answer the question "Why is violent behavior seen in some families? " Therefore, the research hypotheses have been based on three theoretical perspectives of social psychology; i.e., the psychoanalytic approach, the behavioristic approach, and cognitive approach as well as the previous studies in order to describe family violence. The data needed for testing the hypotheses were collected through a questionnaire and probability proportionate to size sampling (PPS) from a sample of 384 persons in Tabriz. The exploratory factor analysis was used to categorize the factors related to family violence, and cronbachʹs alpha was used to measure the reliability of the items. In order to test the hypotheses, pearsonʹs correlation coefficient, t-test, and one-way variance analysis were used. Finally, to show the social factors affecting family violence, multiple regerssion was used. The results obtained from the research indicate that family violence has a significant relation with the family type, marriage type, socio-economic status, job status, level of education, age, and religious beliefs.
Matherial & Methods
Data collecting tools : For recent Survey, a questionary with 55 questions was designed that 28 questions were about independent variables and 27 questions were about depended variables of reg ression in Family. From 27 questions about depended variables two questions were about general of violence. Also four questions were about emotional violence, four questions for feeling violence (in attention), five questions for Social Violence, four questions for economical violence, four questions four religious violence and four questions were about sexual violence.
Measurement procedures of variables an Structures measurement procedures of violence outbreak in families: violence out brook in Six dimensions was measured, that is: 1- emotional, 2- feeling (inattention), 3- Sexual, 4- Social, 5- economical and, 6- religious dimensions, and after analyzing of emotional, feeling and Sexual violence factors with 14 questions and social with five questions and economical with four questions and religious violence with four questions that every dimension had 5 degree ranked Scale, clustered and assessed, Finally violence outbreak Score Was measured from the Sum of emotional, Sexual, Social, economical and religious violence scores and amplitude of its Scores was determined between 0 to 100, that is 0 was Considered the non-outbreak of violence and 100 for the general violence in family.
Violence Outbeak in Family= Sum of 27questions Sceres-27 ? 100
135-27
Measurement Procedures of Social – economical base: Social economical base of respondents calculated according Social- economical base Scale index of Name and Powers and with Sum of job and income orders and habitat location in the ranked Scales.
The values of questions was determined from factorial analyze technique and on the base of loading factor coefficients in every infrastructures.
The shoals of questions was estimated from Alpha Statistal tests of crone bach and explanations of internal Stability. According to in formation of table 1, Shoals of questions were 0.96 for emotional tensions and in attention to needs of couples to each other, 0.93 for Social tensions, 0.71 for religious tensions, 0.84 economical tensions and 0.76 for religious and cultural tensions that all of in fras tructures have essential shoals, because minimus necessary for shoals of questions is 0.7. (Sarmad, 1385: 169)
Table 1- Shoals of questions and explanations
In frast ractune The numbers of questions qrrage of questions Mean Covariance Alpha index
Emotional tensions 14 2.277 1.157 0.96
Social 5 2.167 1.150 0.93
Economical 4 2.361 0.975 0.84
relig lovs 4 1.614 0.424 0.74
Religious and Catural teusions 5 2.463 0.505 0.76
Discussion of Result & Conclution
Because the general purpose of this paper were the statement of aggress in family and the study of offective roles of social factors on it, sothat in the findings of this recent surrey, that performed with scaling process, were determined that Violence scale between the studied persons was 27.74 with standard deviation of 20.90. this was determined from data that had minimum zero to maximum 96.06 from 100. As this Scile of aggression is very lower that average leve, can be say that aggression between tabriz families is in the desirable level.
Also, the vesults show that the social tensions with 34.04 Scale, and 27.41 standard deviation is the greates factor for violence in Tabriz camilies (from minimum zero to maximum 100) and religious tensions with 15.53 Scale and 18.9 Standard deviation is the Lowest factor for Violence in Tabriz Raw lies.
The factors, that cause the economical tensions been in maximum level, are the Social conditions of society and distribution system of wealth from in come limits of people. On the other hand, inflation and expensiveness with increase of nob lese values and dissipate and profusion spirit of wealthy persons are the causes of false demands in the average and low income persons. These two issues have multiple economical pressure on people and finally cause the tension and conflict in family members. Also, the low Scale of religious Violence, when pay attention to believes of people, is significant, because the Scales of religious believes of studied people, show that they have religious believes upper than average level.
In the following, we analyze the other variables:
According to the findings of this Survey, there is poor but positive velation between Violence outbreak and marriage duration, because the Correlation coefficient of pearson was determined about r=0.31 with significant Level of p=0.000. In the explanation of the relation can be Said that with increase of marriage duration, Violence has reduced because the tension has reduced and accompany of some issues between couples and character ritication of it in their relations, the kind of violence, thatis feeling violence cinattention), is increased with marriage duration increase.
Also, thereis significant relation between violence outbreak in Family and the kind of marriages, and tis Scale is upper in respondants that have compulsory marriage than the others.
In the explanation of this issue, be said that as in the compulsory marriages – also convenience marriage – emotional, spiritual and profit interest were not Considered, and only because of some false norms and Costums, performed these marriages. So that, from the beging of Common living of Couples, one of them (that always were women) were seriously disappointed that have negative effect on the their future relations hip.
The analyzing of collected data show that there is relation ship between Social class of people and Violence out break in families and the average Scale of Violence between between Lower class ruspondants is upper than the other classes. So that with attention to disappointed ment theories and violence can be said that, because the high deprivations levels in lower class people than the other classes, the people of these classes can’t reach their desird and expected situations, according to their facilities.
The results that show the relation ships of job condition and violence out break in Families are interesting, because we expected that the scale of violence were in nonem ployements and Lower in retired persons, but the results show the inverse findings and perhaps we can said that unemployement persons hare conservative and compara tible sprite becaue their poor situation, and on the other hand, the families of these persons, for reduce their pressure that have bad conditions, behave them with kindly. But in the against point of their behavioures, retired persons, after years of accustom with job envirement, compensated their changed conditions and the resultant pressure, with critical Spite and uiolence to family members.
We must Day atteation to this matter , that always retired dersons deprived from their powers in job envirement, and perhaps this deprivation cuuse the violence.
But in answering to this guestion, why practitioner women had lower Violence than house wifes, wecan said that house wifes had steady envirement and this cuuse the depression, while practitioner women hadnot this steady envirement and hare income and spend freely their money, The finance dependence of house wifes to their husbands is the other cause of tension conditions outbreak.
