نگرشي بر سازمان سپاه در عصر شاه عباس اول صفوي

An Overview of Army Organizationduring the Period of Shah Abbas I

يكي از اقدامات مهم شاه عباس اول صفوي (سلطنت 1038- 995 هـ.ق) كه در تقويت بنيان‌هاي قدرت سلطنت در زمان وي موثر بود تغييراتي است كه وي در وضعيت قشون به منظور پايه‌گذاري يك نيروي قابل اتكا براي دولت خود و گذر از ساختار نظامي پيشين كه ساختاري ايلي و عشيره‌اي بود، پديد آورد. تنش‌هاي موجود ميان امراي ايلات و رقابت و افزون‌طلبي آن‌ها در عرصه‌ي سياسي و پيامدهاي ناگواري كه در پي داشت، ضرورت اين تغييرات را از جانب شاه عباس حتمي كرد و با ايجاد ارتش جديد در زمان خويش به ثبات اجتماعي و تقويت پايه‌هاي حكومت صفويه كمك كرد. بر اين مبنا، مقاله‌ي حاضر نگرشي دارد به سازمان سپاه در عصر شاه عباس اول و ضمن بررسي ساختار و اركان اصلي آن، به تغييراتي كه شاه عباس در وضعيت قبايلي قشون و پايه‌گذاري ارتش شاهي (در سده‌ي يازدهم هجري قمري) پديد آورد مي‌پردازد. اين پژوهش‌ از نوع پژوهش تاريخي و به شيوه‌ي كتابخانه‌اي با استناد به منابع تاريخي به روش تحليلي- توصيفي، سامان يافته است.

One of the important accomplishments of Shah Abbas Safavid I (995-1038 A.H) which strengthened the foundations of his ruling power during his time initiated from his attempt to put fundamental changes concerning the enhancement of the military forces in order to establish a reliable military power supporting his government and so let him pass by the traditional military structure; a structure that followed a tribal pattern. Serious disputes among tribe commanders who compete for gaining higher political positions along with the undesired consequences of which, made the king (Shah) certain about inevitable changes, as a result, he could establish a new army through which Shah Abbas could stabilize peace and security in the country. In this way, he succeeded to make the Safavids unshakable. Accordingly, this essay aims at an overviews of Army organization during the ruling period of Shah Abbas I. while having a look at its main foundations and structure the essay deals with the changes Shah Abbas undertook about the traditional patterns of military forces and their substitution with the kingly arm. The research is history- based, and carried out with the aid of library sources and is accomplished under the analytical- descriptive method.