وحدت گرايي رويكردي الهي به طراحي شهري

Unity as a Main Factor in Divine Approach to Urban Design

نظريات طراحي‌شهري همراه خود ارزش‌هاي مخصوصي مطرح كرده‌اند و همگي بر منابع انديشه‌اي مستند بوده و از زمينه‌هاي فرهنگي تاثير گرفته‌اند. براين‌اساس، پژوهش حاضر با تفاوت رويكرد، به ويژه در مباني فكري سعي دارد تا با بهره‌گيري از تعاليم قرآن كريم به طراحي‌شهري بپرازد؛از اين روي با محوريت رهنمود‌هاي قرآن كريم به كنكاش در خلقت-به عنوان محصولي بي‌نقص- پرداخته و بدين نتيجه مي‌رسد كه «وحدت»، كيفيت مسلط بر خلقت و فعل الهي است. براين‌اساس انسان را به عنوان جانشين پروردگار در زمين به تحقق اين اصل در نظر و عمل دعوت مي‌كند، و در بازشناسي مفهومي، وحدت را به معناي چينش اجزا دركنار يكديگر با كيفيتي كه يك كل هماهنگ و هم‌هدف را تشكيل دهند، تعريف مي‌نمايد. در ترجمان اين مفهوم به زبان طراحي‌شهري، اصل وحدت فضايي به عنوان اصل مسلط در شهرسازي ارايه و آن را به عنوان مفهومي جامعِ اصول وحدت، كثرت و محصول تركيب اين‌دو در شهرسازي بيان مي‌دارد.

Throughout the history particularly in recent years, extent theoretical revolution and development has been seen in urban design. In this situation, every new theory defines its specific values and norms to have a correct and appropriate relation to the system of theories. An important point about all of these is their dependency on philosophical and intellectual resources at one side and at the other side, relatively, their attention to the cultural backgrounds- which has affected the theories directly or indirectly. According to this, the research gets different approach to the issue of urban design and tries to explain different theoretical basis rather than modern studies. In this approach, holy Quran’s guidance as a global book would be a comprehensive reference which can present main directions and define important strategies. So this research emphasized on holy Quran’s guidance, studies the creature-as a complete and perfect existence-then concludes that “beauty” and its most important cause “unity” is the constant and dominant quality in the creature and the act of God. Every system in the creature is created in such a way that unity is its prominent characteristic and this brings quality of beauty to the creature and existence. On this basis, the research calls human which is the successor and the caliph of god on the earth to follow the quality of God’s method in practice and thought realm. It means that human should direct his practice and thought in process of urban design according to the principles that form unity, because he is God’s caliph and should follow him. In conceptual review, the research defines unity as “an organization of details in a way which they form a harmonic and one-targeted whole”. In continue and for defining the concept more clearly, it expresses that unity could be achieved by creating harmony in the “causing system”, “effected system” and also “inner system” according to Quran teachings. Then in interpretation of this concept into urban design, offers the ultra-principle of “spatial unity” as a dominant principle in urban design realm. The text of this principle expressed so: “every produced space should first be born from the existing (causing system) spatial unity, second be harmonic itself (inner system), and third should cause creation of unity and harmony in the new spatial organization (effected system)”. In continue, it describe this ultra-principle as a concept which consists of unity sub principles, multiplicity sub principles and the sub principles display the combination of these two. First group of principles includes “spatial continuity”, “centrality” and “simplicity” that are direct interpretations of “spatial unity” ultra-principle. These sub principles shows the uniformity dimension of ultra-principle. Second group includes “spatial divergence”, “distribution” and “complexity” that present the ultra-principle indirectly. These ones express diversity and multiplicity dimension of spatial unity. Third group of sub principles covers “spatial hierarchy” and “equivalence” which are the most rich sub principles that manifest “spatial unity” ultra-principle and synthetize previous groups. These two principles are combination of uniformity dimension and diversity and multiplicity dimension of spatial unity.